Carbonates identified by the Curiosity rover indicate a carbon cycle operated on ancient Mars

IF 44.7 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI:10.1126/science.ado9966

Benjamin M. Tutolo, Elisabeth M. Hausrath, Edwin S. Kite, Elizabeth B. Rampe, Thomas F. Bristow, Robert T. Downs, Allan Treiman, Tanya S. Peretyazhko, Michael T. Thorpe, John P. Grotzinger, Amelie L. Roberts, P. Douglas Archer, David J. Des Marais, David F. Blake, David T. Vaniman, Shaunna M. Morrison, Steve Chipera, Robert M. Hazen, Richard V. Morris, Valerie M. Tu, Sarah L. Simpson, Aditi Pandey, Albert Yen, Stephen R. Larter, Patricia Craig, Nicholas Castle, Douglas W. Ming, Johannes M. Meusburger, Abigail A. Fraeman, David G. Burtt, Heather B. Franz, Brad Sutter, Joanna V. Clark, William Rapin, John C. Bridges, Matteo Loche, Patrick Gasda, Jens Frydenvang, Ashwin R. Vasavada

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Abstract

Ancient Mars had surface liquid water and a dense carbon dioxide (CO₂)–rich atmosphere. Such an atmosphere would interact with crustal rocks, potentially leaving a mineralogical record of its presence. We analyzed the composition of an 89-meter stratigraphic section of Gale crater, Mars, using data collected by the Curiosity rover. An iron carbonate mineral, siderite, occurs in abundances of 4.8 to 10.5 weight %, colocated with highly water-soluble salts. We infer that the siderite formed in water-limited conditions, driven by water-rock reactions and evaporation. Comparison with orbital data indicates that similar strata (deposited globally) sequestered the equivalent of 2.6 to 36 millibar of atmospheric CO₂. The presence of iron oxyhydroxides in these deposits indicates that a partially closed carbon cycle on ancient Mars returned some previously sequestered CO₂ to the atmosphere.

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好奇号火星车发现的碳酸盐表明古代火星上存在碳循环

古代火星表面有液态水和稠密的富含二氧化碳的大气。这样的大气会与地壳岩石相互作用，可能会留下其存在的矿物学记录。我们利用好奇号火星车收集的数据，分析了火星盖尔陨石坑89米地层剖面的成分。一种碳酸铁矿物，菱铁矿，丰度为4.8 - 10.5%，与高水溶性盐共存。我们推测菱铁矿是在水-岩反应和蒸发作用下形成的。与轨道数据的比较表明，类似的地层（全球沉积）封存了相当于2.6至36毫巴的大气二氧化碳。这些沉积物中氧化铁的存在表明，古代火星上部分封闭的碳循环将一些先前被隔离的二氧化碳释放到大气中。

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来源期刊

Science 综合性期刊-综合性期刊

CiteScore

61.10

自引率

0.90%

发文量

审稿时长

2.1 months

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