Avian influenza overview December 2024–March 2025

IF 3.3 3区农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

EFSA Journal Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2025.9352

European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Leonidas Alexakis, Hubert Buczkowski, Mariette Ducatez, Alice Fusaro, Jose L. Gonzales, Thijs Kuiken, Karl Ståhl, Christoph Staubach, Olov Svartström, Calogero Terregino, Katriina Willgert, Miguel Melo, Lisa Kohnle

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Between 7 December 2024 and 7 March 2025, 743 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (239) and wild (504) birds across 31 countries in Europe. HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections were predominant and mainly located in central, western and south-eastern Europe. Most HPAI A(H5) virus detections in wild birds concerned waterfowl, particularly mute swans, barnacle geese and greylag geese. Limited secondary spread was observed among the poultry outbreaks, and outdoor poultry access remained an important risk factor at the interface between wild and domestic birds. HPAI A(H5N5) outbreaks occurred only in wild birds and were increasingly reported in waterfowl. For the first time since spring 2024, several HPAI virus detections were reported in domestic cats and wild carnivores in Europe. In the United States of America (USA), the number of dairy cattle farms reportedly affected rose to almost 1000 in 17 States, and a different HPAI A(H5N1) virus genotype (D1.1) was reported in this species. Between 12 December 2024 and 7 March 2025, 22 new cases of avian influenza virus infection in humans were reported in the USA (12 A(H5) cases), Cambodia (two A(H5N1) cases), United Kingdom (one A(H5N1) case), and China (six A(H9N2) cases and one A(H10N3) case). Most of the A(H5) human cases (93%, n = 14/15) had reported exposure to poultry or dairy cattle prior to avian influenza virus detection or onset of illness. Considering the widespread circulation of avian influenza viruses in animal populations, human infections with avian influenza viruses remain infrequent. No evidence of human-to-human transmission has been documented during the reporting period. The risk of infection with the avian A(H5) influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b currently circulating in Europe remains low for the general public in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). The risk of infection remains low-to-moderate for those occupationally or otherwise exposed to infected animals or contaminated environments.

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禽流感概述2024年12月至2025年3月

在2024年12月7日至2025年3月7日期间，在欧洲31个国家的家禽（239只）和野生（504只）中报告了743例高致病性禽流感（HPAI） A（H5）病毒检测。高致病性禽流感（H5N1）病毒检测占主导地位，主要位于欧洲中部、西部和东南部。在野生鸟类中检测到的HPAI A（H5）病毒大多数涉及水禽，特别是疣鼻天鹅、藤壶鹅和灰雁。在家禽暴发中观察到有限的继发性传播，室外家禽接触仍然是野鸟和家禽之间的重要危险因素。高致病性禽流感（HPAI A(H5N5)）暴发仅发生在野鸟中，并越来越多地报告在水禽中发生。自2024年春季以来，欧洲首次报告在家猫和野生食肉动物中检测到几例高致病性禽流感病毒。在美利坚合众国（美国），据报告受影响的奶牛养殖场数量在17个州增加到近1000个，并且在该物种中报告了不同的高致病性禽流感a （H5N1）病毒基因型（D1.1）。在2024年12月12日至2025年3月7日期间，在美国（12例A（H5）病例）、柬埔寨（2例A（H5N1）病例）、英国（1例A（H5N1）病例）和中国（6例A（H9N2）病例和1例A（H10N3）病例）报告了22例新的人感染禽流感病毒病例。大多数甲型（H5）人间病例（93%,n = 14/15）报告在禽流感病毒检测或发病之前曾接触家禽或奶牛。考虑到禽流感病毒在动物群体中广泛传播，人类感染禽流感病毒的情况仍然不多见。在本报告所述期间没有记录到人际传播的证据。对欧洲联盟/欧洲经济区（EU/EEA）的普通公众来说，感染目前在欧洲流行的2.3.4.4b进化支的A（H5）禽流感病毒的风险仍然很低。对于那些职业或以其他方式接触受感染动物或受污染环境的人，感染风险仍然是低至中等。

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来源期刊

EFSA Journal Veterinary-Veterinary (miscellaneous)

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

21.20%

发文量

422

审稿时长

5 weeks

期刊介绍： The EFSA Journal covers methods of risk assessment, reports on data collected, and risk assessments in the individual areas of plant health, plant protection products and their residues, genetically modified organisms, additives and products or substances used in animal feed, animal health and welfare, biological hazards including BSE/TSE, contaminants in the food chain, food contact materials, enzymes, flavourings and processing aids, food additives and nutrient sources added to food, dietetic products, nutrition and allergies.