The Demographic Causes of European Sub-National Population Declines.

IF 1.9 2区 社会学 Q2 DEMOGRAPHY
Niall Newsham, Francisco Rowe
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Population decline is now established at the continental scale in Europe, occurring in abundance across sub-national areas and outweighing population growth. This represents an unfamiliar pathway of demographic change and is set to present unique challenges to the functioning of societies and economies. The nature of these challenges will be influenced by the demographic cause of population decline. Typically, low fertility is cited as the primary instigator, though it remains unclear of the ways in which unique interactions between fertility, mortality and migration have shaped contemporary population decline outcomes. This study empirically analyses the demographic causes of population decline in 732 sub-national areas extending across 33 European countries. Drawing on data derived from national statistics from 2000-2018, we employ a novel methodological approach consisting of decomposition, multivariate functional principal component analysis, and k-medoid clustering to identify the dominant demographic processes underpinning European depopulation. Our analysis reveals five unique signatures, encoding nuanced contributions from fertility, mortality and migration changes. Population decline is found to be a multi-causal process, with natural deficits and negative rates of net-migration both operating depopulations in most instances. We conclude that natural deficits are ubiquitous in causing sub-national population declines with net-migration patterns responsible for determining annual rates of population loss. We model the relationship between these signatures and wider demographic, socio-economic and geo-spatial attributes, finding that a distinct combination of contextual factors are associated with different demographic causes of population decline.

欧洲次国家人口减少的人口学原因。
在欧洲大陆范围内,人口减少的趋势现已确立,在国家以下各级地区大量出现,并超过了人口增长的速度。这是一种陌生的人口变化途径,必将对社会和经济的运作带来独特的挑战。这些挑战的性质将受到人口减少的人口原因的影响。通常情况下,低生育率被认为是主要原因,但生育率、死亡率和移民之间的独特互动如何影响了当代人口下降的结果,这一点仍不清楚。本研究对 33 个欧洲国家 732 个次国家地区人口下降的人口原因进行了实证分析。根据 2000-2018 年的国家统计数据,我们采用了一种新颖的方法,包括分解、多元函数主成分分析和 k-medoid 聚类,以确定支撑欧洲人口减少的主要人口过程。我们的分析揭示了五种独特的特征,包括生育率、死亡率和移民变化的细微差别。我们发现,人口减少是一个多因果过程,在大多数情况下,自然赤字和负净移民率都会导致人口减少。我们得出的结论是,自然赤字是造成国家以下人口下降的普遍现象,而净移民模式则决定了每年的人口流失率。我们模拟了这些特征与更广泛的人口、社会经济和地理空间属性之间的关系,发现不同的背景因素组合与人口减少的不同人口原因有关。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
8.00%
发文量
44
期刊介绍: European Journal of Population addresses a broad public of researchers, policy makers and others concerned with population processes and their consequences. Its aim is to improve understanding of population phenomena by giving priority to work that contributes to the development of theory and method, and that spans the boundaries between demography and such disciplines as sociology, anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, epidemiology and other sciences contributing to public health. The Journal is open to authors from all over the world, and its articles cover European and non-European countries (specifically including developing countries) alike.
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