Bile acid is a responsible host factor for high-fat diet-induced gut microbiota alterations in rats: proof of the "bile acid hypothesis".

IF 2.5 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY
Bioscience of microbiota, food and health Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-31 DOI:10.12938/bmfh.2024-042
Masamichi Watanabe, Yuki Fujita, Masahito Hagio, Satoshi Ishizuka, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Tetsuya Hayashi, Satoru Fukiya, Atsushi Yokota
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

High-fat diet (HFD)-induced alterations in gut microbiota may be associated with host pathophysiology, prompting increased interest in elucidating their causal relationships. However, the mechanisms by which HFDs induce these alterations require further clarification. Our previous study using cholic acid (CA)-fed rats suggested that bile acid drives the HFD-induced microbiota alterations as a host factor, a concept termed the "bile acid hypothesis". We analyzed the alterations in the cecal microbiota and bile acid composition in HFD-fed rats and compared the results with those of rats on a CA-supplemented diet. In both cases, the concentrations of total bile acids, including highly bactericidal deoxycholic acid (DCA), increased, concomitant with the increases in the Firmicutes (Bacillota)/Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidota) ratio. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs), accounting for 63.39% of the cecal microbiota of control rats, showed a significant correlation with the total bile acid concentration in HFD-fed rats. A DCA sensitivity test conducted in Firmicutes isolates, corresponding to the predominant OTUs from the HFD-fed rats, exhibited significantly higher DCA resistance compared with Bacteroidetes. The top 12 most abundant OTUs of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes showing positive or negative correlations with the total bile acid concentration were selected from the HFD-fed rats, and their dynamics were compared with those in the CA-fed rats. Of the 24 OTUs, 18, which constituted 48.28% of the cecal population in the control rats, were altered in the same direction (increase or decrease) in the HFD- and CA-supplemented diet groups. Therefore, approximately half of the cecal populations in the control rats were affected by bile acids, substantiating the bile acid hypothesis microbiologically and quantitatively.

胆汁酸是大鼠高脂肪饮食诱导的肠道微生物群改变的主要宿主因子:“胆汁酸假说”的证据。
高脂肪饮食(HFD)诱导的肠道微生物群改变可能与宿主病理生理有关,这促使人们对阐明它们之间的因果关系越来越感兴趣。然而,HFDs诱导这些改变的机制需要进一步澄清。我们之前对胆酸(CA)喂养的大鼠的研究表明,胆汁酸作为宿主因素驱动hfd诱导的微生物群改变,这一概念被称为“胆汁酸假说”。我们分析了饲喂hfd的大鼠盲肠菌群和胆汁酸组成的变化,并将结果与饲喂ca的大鼠进行了比较。在这两种情况下,总胆汁酸的浓度,包括高度杀菌的脱氧胆酸(DCA),随着厚壁菌门(Bacillota)/拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)比例的增加而增加。操作分类单位(Operational taxonomic units, OTUs)占对照大鼠盲肠微生物群的63.39%,其与饲喂hfd大鼠总胆汁酸浓度呈显著相关。对饲喂hfd大鼠的主要OTUs——厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)进行的DCA敏感性测试显示,与拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相比,对DCA的耐药性明显更高。选取与总胆汁酸浓度呈正相关或负相关的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes) OTUs丰度最高的前12个,并与ca饲喂大鼠进行动态比较。在24个otu中,有18个(占对照大鼠盲肠种群的48.28%)在添加HFD和ca的饮食组中呈相同方向(增加或减少)变化。因此,在对照大鼠中,大约一半的盲肠种群受到胆汁酸的影响,从微生物和数量上证实了胆汁酸假说。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
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