Vaccination and food consumption: association with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome in Brazilian adults (CUME Study).

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Frontiers in Nutrition Pub Date : 2025-03-14 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1549747
Marlise Lima Brandão, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff, Arieta Carla Gualandi Leal, Josefina Bressan, Adriano Marçal Pimenta
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) is an important sequalae of COVID-19. Then, our objective was to analyze the risk and protective factors for PACS in Brazilian adults participating in the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME Study), with emphasis on COVID-19 vaccination and food consumption.

Methods: In this sub-study, we included 2,065 participants of CUME Study who answered the baseline questionnaire in 2016 or 2018 or 2020 or 2022, and the follow-up COVID-19/PACS-specific questionnaire in 2023. PACS diagnosis was based on self-reporting of continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation. To estimate the risk and protective factors for PACS, hierarchical multivariate statistical analysis was conducted using the Cox regression technique, producing two models: (1) focusing on consumption of macro and micronutrients; (2) focusing on consumption of food groups.

Results: After a median of 5.5 years of follow-up, 54.4% of the participants reported PACS. When we analyzed the consumption of macro and micronutrients, higher intake of proteins (HR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.06-1.74-4th quartile) and lipids (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02-1.48-4th quartile) were risk factors for PACS. On the other hand, higher intake of vitamin C (HR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64-0.94-4th quartile), vitamin D (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99-4th quartile), and zinc (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.52-0.83-4th quartile) were protective factors for the outcome (model 1). When we analyzed the consumption of food groups, higher intake of eggs (HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.34-1.89-4th quartile) increased the risk of PACS, whereas, respectively, higher and intermediate consumption of white meat (HR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.71-1.00-4th quartile) and vegetables (HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99-2nd quartile; HR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99-3rd quartile) decreased the risk of the outcome (model 2). In both models, pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination was a protective factor for PACS.

Conclusion: A healthy diet, with higher consumption of white meat, vegetables and specific micronutrients (vitamin C, vitamin D, zinc), in parallel with pre-infection COVID-19 vaccination, is essential to reduce the risk of PACS.

疫苗接种和食物消费:与巴西成年人急性后COVID-19综合征的关系(CUME研究)。
背景:新冠肺炎急性后综合征(Post-Acute Syndrome, PACS)是新冠肺炎的重要后遗症。然后,我们的目标是分析参加米纳斯吉拉斯州大学队列(CUME研究)的巴西成年人患PACS的风险和保护因素,重点是COVID-19疫苗接种和食物消费。方法:在本亚研究中,我们纳入了2065名CUME研究的参与者,他们在2016年或2018年、2020年或2022年回答了基线问卷,并在2023年随访了COVID-19/ pacs特异性问卷。PACS诊断基于在首次感染SARS-CoV-2后3 个月持续或出现新症状的自我报告,这些症状持续至少2 个月,无其他解释。为了评估PACS的风险和保护因素,采用Cox回归技术进行分层多元统计分析,得出两个模型:(1)关注宏量和微量营养素的消耗;(2)注重食物群体的消费。结果:在平均5.5 年的随访后,54.4%的参与者报告了PACS。当我们分析宏量和微量营养素的消耗时,较高的蛋白质摄入量(HR: 1.36;95% CI: 1.06-1.74-第4个四分位数)和脂质(HR: 1.23;95% CI: 1.02-1.48-第4个四分位数)是PACS的危险因素。另一方面,较高的维生素C摄入量(HR: 0.78;95% CI: 0.64-0.94-第4个四分位数),维生素D (HR: 0.81;95% CI: 0.67-0.99-第4个四分位数)和锌(HR: 0.66;95% CI: 0.52-0.83-第4个四分位数)是结果的保护因素(模型1)。当我们分析食物组的消费时,较高的鸡蛋摄入量(HR: 1.59;95% CI: 1.34-1.89-第4个四分位数)增加了PACS的风险,而白肉的高摄入量和中等摄入量分别增加了PACS的风险(HR: 0.84;95% CI: 0.71-1.00-第4个四分位数)和蔬菜(HR: 0.81;95% CI: 0.67-0.99-第二个四分位数;人力资源:0.81;95% CI: 0.67-0.99(第3个四分位数)降低了结果的风险(模型2)。在两个模型中,感染前接种COVID-19疫苗是PACS的保护因素。结论:健康饮食,多食用白肉、蔬菜和特定微量营养素(维生素C、维生素D、锌),同时在感染前接种COVID-19疫苗,对于降低PACS的风险至关重要。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Nutrition
Frontiers in Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
8.00%
发文量
2891
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: No subject pertains more to human life than nutrition. The aim of Frontiers in Nutrition is to integrate major scientific disciplines in this vast field in order to address the most relevant and pertinent questions and developments. Our ambition is to create an integrated podium based on original research, clinical trials, and contemporary reviews to build a reputable knowledge forum in the domains of human health, dietary behaviors, agronomy & 21st century food science. Through the recognized open-access Frontiers platform we welcome manuscripts to our dedicated sections relating to different areas in the field of nutrition with a focus on human health. Specialty sections in Frontiers in Nutrition include, for example, Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition & Sustainable Diets, Nutrition and Food Science Technology, Nutrition Methodology, Sport & Exercise Nutrition, Food Chemistry, and Nutritional Immunology. Based on the publication of rigorous scientific research, we thrive to achieve a visible impact on the global nutrition agenda addressing the grand challenges of our time, including obesity, malnutrition, hunger, food waste, sustainability and consumer health.
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