Upcycling and recycling of spent battery waste for a sustainable future: Progress and perspectives

IF 33.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Progress in Materials Science Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2025.101478

Abu Danish Aiman Bin Abu Sofian, S.R. Majid, Kisuk Kang, Jang-Kyo Kim, P.L. Show

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The urgency of addressing the environmental and resource challenges posed by spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has led to significant advancements in recycling and upcycling methodologies. This work aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the progress made for LIB recycling and upcycling, offering perspectives for achieving a circular economy in battery technology. The review examines the latest innovations in LIB material recovery, focusing on both conventional recycling techniques and emerging upcycling strategies. It explores the motivation and importance of recycling spent LIBs, showing the critical need for sustainable solutions. A comprehensive overview of LIB recycling methodologies is provided, including pretreatment, preprocessing, pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, bioleaching, direct recovery processes, electrochemical processes, and deep eutectic solvents. Emphasis is placed on the advanced upcycling of the cathode, anode, and separator materials, exploring composition/crystallisation engineering and structural modifications, including doping and surface coating. Furthermore, upcycling spent LIB materials into high-value products like catalysts and graphene is explored. The environmental impact, legislative landscape, and socioeconomic implications of battery recycling are critically analysed, with life cycle assessments underscoring the ecological benefits of these processes. Global perspectives on battery recycling practices are also examined, considering the varied approaches across different regions. Additionally, integrating artificial intelligence and the internet of things in optimising battery recycling is explored, demonstrating their potential to enhance efficiency and sustainability. The review concludes by identifying current challenges and proposing recommendations for future research and policy development.

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来源期刊

Progress in Materials Science 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

59.60

自引率

0.80%

发文量

101

审稿时长

11.4 months

期刊介绍： Progress in Materials Science is a journal that publishes authoritative and critical reviews of recent advances in the science of materials. The focus of the journal is on the fundamental aspects of materials science, particularly those concerning microstructure and nanostructure and their relationship to properties. Emphasis is also placed on the thermodynamics, kinetics, mechanisms, and modeling of processes within materials, as well as the understanding of material properties in engineering and other applications. The journal welcomes reviews from authors who are active leaders in the field of materials science and have a strong scientific track record. Materials of interest include metallic, ceramic, polymeric, biological, medical, and composite materials in all forms. Manuscripts submitted to Progress in Materials Science are generally longer than those found in other research journals. While the focus is on invited reviews, interested authors may submit a proposal for consideration. Non-invited manuscripts are required to be preceded by the submission of a proposal. Authors publishing in Progress in Materials Science have the option to publish their research via subscription or open access. Open access publication requires the author or research funder to meet a publication fee (APC). Abstracting and indexing services for Progress in Materials Science include Current Contents, Science Citation Index Expanded, Materials Science Citation Index, Chemical Abstracts, Engineering Index, INSPEC, and Scopus.