Could Traumatic Brain Injury Be a Risk Factor for Bruxism and Temporomandibular Disorders? A Scoping Review.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common conditions of the stomatognathic system. Some studies suggest a potential link with traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is gaining increasing interest among researchers. The aim of this scoping review is to map the available evidence on the association between TBI and bruxism or TBI and TMDs. Methods: The review was conducted by analyzing four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Collaboration database. A total of 340 studies were reviewed in this work, and 4 studies examining the connections between TBI were included in the analysis (with n = 3 focusing on the association between bruxism and TBI, and n = 1 on the association between TMDs and TBI). Results: Analyzing the publications on bruxism and TMDs in relation to TBI, at this stage it can be concluded that there is no solid evidence confirming the impact of TBI on the studied conditions. This is due to the quantity and quality of the collected evidence. Conclusions: In light of the presented review, it must be concluded that the quantity and quality of the evidence are insufficient to assert that TBI is a factor in the onset of bruxism or TMDs. Further research on this phenomenon is recommended, particularly focusing on the effects of different severities of TBI and various regions of brain injury.