Weissella paramesenteroides LAB14 mitigates the inflammation elicited by lipopolysaccharide and Salmonella through the suppression of the NF-κB and IRF pathways

Abstract

Probiotics have gained significant attention for their role in mitigating foodborne diseases and promoting gut health. It is necessary to identify new lactic acid bacteria exhibiting potential anti-inflammatory activity and the capacity to inhibit foodborne pathogens. An inflammatory cellular model of J774-Dual reporter macrophages was utilized to screen for lactic acid bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effects of the screened lactic acid bacteria against Salmonella Enteritidis were assessed. The results indicated that Weissella paramesenteroides LAB14 showed a significant reduction in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation through the inhibition of the TLR4-mediated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) signaling pathways. LAB14 also exhibited strong resistance to acidic and bile salt environments, along with a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of S. Enteritidis. LAB14 demonstrated no impact on the cell viability after co-culture with RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, W. paramesenteroides LAB14 significantly diminished the levels of NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induced by LPS stimulation, while enhancing the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Additionally, LAB14 significantly inhibited the activation of NF-κB and the production of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages infected with S. Enteritidis. This study effectively characterized a novel strain of W. paramesenteroides LAB14, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects, tolerance to acidic and bile salt conditions, and antagonistic effects against Salmonella. These findings present an innovative approach for identifying new probiotics with anti-inflammatory capabilities and for advancing the development of therapeutic food additives.