Diversity of Peripheral Refraction Patterns-Have These Been Oversimplified?

IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY
Megha Antony, Rakesh Maldoddi, David A Atchison, Pavan Kumar Verkicharla
{"title":"Diversity of Peripheral Refraction Patterns-Have These Been Oversimplified?","authors":"Megha Antony, Rakesh Maldoddi, David A Atchison, Pavan Kumar Verkicharla","doi":"10.1167/iovs.66.3.58","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe patterns of peripheral refraction based on spherical equivalent refraction and on tangential and sagittal refractions, and to assess the association of peripheral refraction patterns with different central refractions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral refraction data from 737 individuals (14.7 ± 5.1 years old) were analyzed. Peripheral refraction was determined along the horizontal field at ±30° eccentricity using an open-field autorefractor in 89 hyperopes, 276 emmetropes, and 372 myopes. Values were converted into spherical equivalent refraction and into tangential and sagittal refractions. Nine different peripheral refraction patterns (A-I) were described based on spherical equivalent refraction, and 81 patterns were described based on tangential and sagittal refractions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using spherical equivalent refraction, all nine possible peripheral refraction patterns (A-I) were represented. Type I (relative peripheral myopia in nasal and temporal retinas) was seen in 40% of hyperopes, in 32% of emmetropes, and in 8% of myopes. Type A (relative peripheral hyperopia in nasal and temporal retinas) was seen in 20% of myopes and in ≤1% of hyperopes and emmetropes. No pattern was unique to any refractive group. Using tangential and sagittal refractions, 47 out of 81 possible patterns were represented. The three refractive groups shared 19 patterns in common. Hyperopes, emmetropes, and myopes had two, six, and eleven unique patterns, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many types of peripheral refraction patterns were observed, and these may provide insights into the complexities of eye growth and myopiogenesis. Tangential and sagittal refractions should be considered to understand peripheral refraction rather than spherical equivalent refraction alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":14620,"journal":{"name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","volume":"66 3","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954539/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.3.58","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: To describe patterns of peripheral refraction based on spherical equivalent refraction and on tangential and sagittal refractions, and to assess the association of peripheral refraction patterns with different central refractions.

Methods: Peripheral refraction data from 737 individuals (14.7 ± 5.1 years old) were analyzed. Peripheral refraction was determined along the horizontal field at ±30° eccentricity using an open-field autorefractor in 89 hyperopes, 276 emmetropes, and 372 myopes. Values were converted into spherical equivalent refraction and into tangential and sagittal refractions. Nine different peripheral refraction patterns (A-I) were described based on spherical equivalent refraction, and 81 patterns were described based on tangential and sagittal refractions.

Results: Using spherical equivalent refraction, all nine possible peripheral refraction patterns (A-I) were represented. Type I (relative peripheral myopia in nasal and temporal retinas) was seen in 40% of hyperopes, in 32% of emmetropes, and in 8% of myopes. Type A (relative peripheral hyperopia in nasal and temporal retinas) was seen in 20% of myopes and in ≤1% of hyperopes and emmetropes. No pattern was unique to any refractive group. Using tangential and sagittal refractions, 47 out of 81 possible patterns were represented. The three refractive groups shared 19 patterns in common. Hyperopes, emmetropes, and myopes had two, six, and eleven unique patterns, respectively.

Conclusions: Many types of peripheral refraction patterns were observed, and these may provide insights into the complexities of eye growth and myopiogenesis. Tangential and sagittal refractions should be considered to understand peripheral refraction rather than spherical equivalent refraction alone.

求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
4.50%
发文量
339
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (IOVS), published as ready online, is a peer-reviewed academic journal of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). IOVS features original research, mostly pertaining to clinical and laboratory ophthalmology and vision research in general.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信