An Updated Review on the Mechanisms, Pre-Clinical and Clinical Comparisons of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)

Abstract

The study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) biology has gained popularity recently. Research discovered that two NAD⁺ biosynthesis intermediates, nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), are biosynthetic precursors of NAD⁺, an essential chemical for metabolism. Many studies show that NAD⁺ levels fall considerably with aging, with NAD⁺ regeneration in aging animals increasing longevity and enhancing health. According to research on the two molecules, NMN and NR, supplementation with either raises NAD⁺ levels during aging. The objective of this review is to highlight current developments in the biology of NAD⁺ in relation to NR or NMN supplement. This review highlightings significant discoveries about NR and NMN supplementation in relation to NAD⁺ biological activities and health benefits.