Extending the theory of planned behavior in predicting entrepreneurial intention among university students: The role of perceived relational support

Abstract

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most important theories used to predict entrepreneurial intention. However, the subjective norm variable remains the least understood, as most previous studies have shown weak results in this regard. This study enhances the comprehension of the subjective norm variable in TPB by incorporating perceived relational support from family, friends, and peers, thereby enhancing the model's comprehensiveness. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 422 master's students from Algeria. Using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), the study confirms the relationship between attitude, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention. It also shows that subjective norms influence students' attitudes, perceived relational support affects perceived behavioral control, and attitude predicts perceived behavioral control. These findings highlight the importance of family and peer support in shaping entrepreneurial intentions among students. The study emphasizes the potential of incorporating relational support into entrepreneurial education programs, particularly in developing economies where social networks play a crucial role in fostering entrepreneurial activities. Finally, the study discussed limitations and suggested future research directions.