New method of retrofitting of kindergartens resulting in increase of energy self-sufficiency

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115595

Dorota Anna Krawczyk , Anna Werner-Juszczuk , Beata Sadowska , Piotr Rynkowski , Alicja Siuta-Olcha , Bożena Babiarz , Adam Święcicki , Robert Stachniewicz , Tomasz Cholewa , Lech Lichołai , Joanna Krasoń , Przemysław Miąsik , Martyna Bocian , Maciej Kłopotowski , Dorota Gawryluk

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In recent years, a number of retrofittings have been carried out in terms of insulation and technical equipment of buildings. However, due to the introduction of the zero-emission obligation for buildings, it is necessary to search for new modernization opportunities that will reduce the use of non-renewable primary energy and increase energy self-sufficiency. This paper assesses the existing condition of two typical kindergartens located in north-eastern Poland, Bialystok. The thermal properties of buildings and heating systems and domestic hot water preparation were assessed through ex-post audits and in-situ measurements: U-value, indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal imaging inspection. A novel method was developed for simplifying the estimation of the effect of renewable energy sources (RES) integration, based on actual building climatic and utility data. The method was used to analyze three variants of retrofitting of the heat and electricity sources taking into account air-to-water heat pump, photovoltaic installation and an electrical energy storage. The energy self-sufficiency of kindergartens with the thermal quality of the envelope meeting the requirements of the nearly zero-energy building (nZEB) in Poland may amount to 45% when use air heat pump cooperating with a PV system, an electricity storage and heat substation as the peak heat source. The proposed retrofitting of heat and electricity sources resulted in a reduction in the demand for non-renewable primary energy by 14% in kindergarten B and by 18% in kindergarten A compared to the pre-modernisation state.

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近年来，在建筑物的隔热和技术设备方面进行了一些改造。然而，由于建筑物零排放义务的引入，有必要寻找新的现代化机会，以减少不可再生能源的使用，提高能源的自给自足。本文对位于波兰东北部比亚韦斯托克的两所典型幼儿园的现有状况进行了评估。通过事后审计和现场测量，对建筑物、供暖系统和生活热水制备的热性能进行了评估：U值、室内空气质量（IAQ）和热成像检查。根据实际建筑气候和公用事业数据，开发了一种简化可再生能源（RES）集成效果估算的新方法。该方法用于分析热源和电源改造的三种变体，其中考虑到了空气-水热泵、光伏安装和电能储存。当使用空气热泵与光伏系统、蓄电和热变电站合作作为峰值热源时，幼儿园的能源自给率可达 45%，围护结构的热质量符合波兰近零能耗建筑（nZEB）的要求。与现代化前的状态相比，热源和电源的拟议改造使 B 幼儿园对不可再生能源的需求减少了 14%，A 幼儿园减少了 18%。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Energy and Buildings 工程技术-工程：土木

CiteScore

12.70

自引率

11.90%

发文量

863

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： An international journal devoted to investigations of energy use and efficiency in buildings Energy and Buildings is an international journal publishing articles with explicit links to energy use in buildings. The aim is to present new research results, and new proven practice aimed at reducing the energy needs of a building and improving indoor environment quality.