{"title":"Countercontrol and Associated Challenges in Residential Treatment.","authors":"John O'Neill, Joseph Tacosik","doi":"10.1007/s40614-025-00437-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>B. F. Skinner described countercontrol as a response to socially mediated aversive consequences that is primarily reinforced through negative reinforcement (i.e., removal or weakening of aversive stimuli) and may be strengthened further through positive reinforcement (e.g., peer approval or other attention). Skinner considered the empirical analysis of the phenomenon to be essential for a complete understanding of human behavior and recognized countercontrol as a necessary but complex aspect of treatment in vulnerable populations. Residential treatment settings are inherently restrictive, potentially aversive to consumers, and thus may evoke countercontrol by clients, especially when assent/consent is withheld or provided by someone other than the individual receiving treatment (e.g., guardian, conservator, or substituted judgement). We identify treatment challenges presented by countercontrol and considerations associated with: (1) setting events; (2) conditioned aversive stimuli; (3) topographies and other dimensions of behavior; (4) competing contingencies of reinforcement; and (5) functional behavior assessments. We conclude with a call to action for the long overdue experimental analysis of countercontrol in residential treatment settings and society at large.</p>","PeriodicalId":44993,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"145-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893962/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Perspectives on Behavior Science","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-025-00437-5","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/3/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
B. F. Skinner described countercontrol as a response to socially mediated aversive consequences that is primarily reinforced through negative reinforcement (i.e., removal or weakening of aversive stimuli) and may be strengthened further through positive reinforcement (e.g., peer approval or other attention). Skinner considered the empirical analysis of the phenomenon to be essential for a complete understanding of human behavior and recognized countercontrol as a necessary but complex aspect of treatment in vulnerable populations. Residential treatment settings are inherently restrictive, potentially aversive to consumers, and thus may evoke countercontrol by clients, especially when assent/consent is withheld or provided by someone other than the individual receiving treatment (e.g., guardian, conservator, or substituted judgement). We identify treatment challenges presented by countercontrol and considerations associated with: (1) setting events; (2) conditioned aversive stimuli; (3) topographies and other dimensions of behavior; (4) competing contingencies of reinforcement; and (5) functional behavior assessments. We conclude with a call to action for the long overdue experimental analysis of countercontrol in residential treatment settings and society at large.
B. F. Skinner将反控制描述为对社会介导的厌恶后果的反应,这种反应主要通过负强化(即厌恶刺激的移除或减弱)得到加强,并可能通过正强化(例如同伴认可或其他关注)进一步得到加强。斯金纳认为,对这种现象的实证分析对于全面理解人类行为至关重要,并认为反控制是治疗弱势群体的必要但复杂的方面。住院治疗环境具有固有的限制性,可能会引起消费者的反感,因此可能会引起客户的反控制,特别是当同意/同意被拒绝或由接受治疗的个人以外的其他人提供时(例如,监护人、保管人或替代判决)。我们确定了反控制带来的治疗挑战以及与以下因素相关的考虑:(1)设定事件;(2)条件厌恶刺激;(三)地形和其他行为维度;(4)强化的竞争权变;(5)功能行为评价。最后,我们呼吁采取行动,对住宅治疗环境和整个社会的反控制进行长期逾期的实验分析。
期刊介绍:
Perspectives on Behavior Science is an official publication of the Association for Behavior Analysis International. It is published quarterly, and in addition to its articles on theoretical, experimental, and applied topics in behavior analysis, this journal also includes literature reviews, re-interpretations of published data, and articles on behaviorism as a philosophy.