Development of a PVDF/1D–2D nanofiller porous structure pressure sensor using near-field electrospinning for human motion and vibration sensing†

Abstract

Flexible pressure sensors with multifunctional capabilities are crucial for a wide range of applications, including health monitoring, human motion detection, soft robotics, tactile sensing, and machine vibration monitoring. In this study, we investigate the development and characterization of a high-performance pressure sensor fabricated using near-field electrospinning (NFES) of 1D–2D nanofiller (NF) incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hybrid nanocomposite (PVDF/NF) ink. NFES is considered a highly effective and advanced printing technology, capable of producing 3D porous structures with intricate complexity, offering precise control over their material properties and morphology. The sensor's performance is thoroughly evaluated based on key parameters, including a pressure range of 0–300 kPa, sensitivity between 0.014 and 10.67 kPa⁻¹, a rapid response time of 16 ms, a minimal hysteresis of 9.62%, exceptional durability over 1500 cycles, and the ability to detect pressure frequencies up to 500 Hz. These results highlight the PVDF/NF sensor's versatility and demonstrate its potential for a wide range of applications, from low-frequency pressure variations associated with human motion to high-frequency pressure fluctuations typical of machine vibrations. Future studies could focus on selecting and optimizing the material composition for the fabrication of porous structure sensors via NFES, aiming to enhance both sensor performance and its multi-functionality in practical applications.