A Review of Dietary and Lifestyle Management of Pre-Eclampsia and Postpartum Eclampsia.

Abstract

Eclampsia is a prevailing hypertensive disorder that poses more significant risks to mothers and neonates globally. This review aimed to investigate eclampsia [preeclampsia and postpartum eclampsia (posteclampsia)] and the supportive role of dietary and lifestyle management. The review was compiled by searching various engines such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, BASE, PubMed Central, National Center for Biotechnology Information, and other related search engines. Eclampsia is believed to involve genetic and nongenetic factors, although the precise underlying mechanism remains unclear. Nevertheless, the traditional diagnosis of the disorder typically involves the coexistence of various factors such as an unhealthy lifestyle, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, low micronutrient levels, obesity, and proteinuria. Consuming at least 330 g fresh or 4 g dried fruits daily minimizes preeclampsia. Diets high in sugar, fat, and salt are associated with higher vulnerability to the disease. Calcium supplementation is beneficial for women as it helps to reduce the occurrence of preeclampsia. Evidence for vitamin D supplementation is inconclusive and requires further research. Selenium supplementation has shown a negative correlation with the chance of preeclampsia. Dietary patterns with higher intakes of a plant-based diet, including micronutrients, and a healthy lifestyle significantly reduce the risk of preeclampsia and posteclampsia. Furthermore, clinical trials could explore the potential benefits of dietary supplements in preventing or treating eclampsia. There is a need for further exploration into the benefits of personalized medical nutrition therapy for preeclampsia and posteclampsia. Lastly, modern prognostic tools can diagnose disorders promptly and help with effective medicinal and nutritional management.