Optimizing the chemical refining process parameters on the removal of free fatty acid in distillers corn oil

IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED
Md. Sanaul Huda, Ewumbua Monono
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Distillers corn oil (DCO) has commonly been used for non-edible purposes due to its high levels of free fatty acid (FFA). Food-grade corn oil is usually obtained from oil extracted and refined from corn germs rather than DCO. To enhance the market value and reduce the cost of refining DCO, it is important to optimize the removal of FFA since the chemical refining process conditions for DCO have not yet been studied in-depth. Therefore, a response surface methodology with a Box–Behnken design was utilized to study the effect of various process conditions during the neutralization of DCO using sodium hydroxide solution, a commonly used and effective neutralizing agent in the food industry. The process parameters selected were the excess level of sodium hydroxide (0%–0.4%), time (0.5–2 h), and temperature (60–70°C). The experimental data were fitted into a second-order polynomial equation using regression analysis. A well-fitting model was developed to predict the percent of FFA removed (R2 = 0.9963) at different process scenarios. The optimal process parameters of chemical refining removed approximately 90% of FFAs at an excess level of sodium hydroxide of 0.2%, temperature of 70°C, and time of 2 h. The experimental and predicted values for FFA removal showed minimal deviations during the validation of the developed regression model. Soap and FFA contents of neutralized DCO was within the acceptable limit after the process without any significant changes to the fatty acid profile.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
2.4 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (JAOCS) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes significant original scientific research and technological advances on fats, oils, oilseed proteins, and related materials through original research articles, invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the editor. We seek to publish reports that will significantly advance scientific understanding through hypothesis driven research, innovations, and important new information pertaining to analysis, properties, processing, products, and applications of these food and industrial resources. Breakthroughs in food science and technology, biotechnology (including genomics, biomechanisms, biocatalysis and bioprocessing), and industrial products and applications are particularly appropriate. JAOCS also considers reports on the lipid composition of new, unique, and traditional sources of lipids that definitively address a research hypothesis and advances scientific understanding. However, the genus and species of the source must be verified by appropriate means of classification. In addition, the GPS location of the harvested materials and seed or vegetative samples should be deposited in an accredited germplasm repository. Compositional data suitable for Original Research Articles must embody replicated estimate of tissue constituents, such as oil, protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, phospholipid, tocopherol, sterol, and carotenoid compositions. Other components unique to the specific plant or animal source may be reported. Furthermore, lipid composition papers should incorporate elements of year­to­year, environmental, and/ or cultivar variations through use of appropriate statistical analyses.
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