The Impact of Stimulation Parameters on Reaction Times Following Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation in the Lower Leg

IF 2.8 3区计算机科学 Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, CYBERNETICS

IEEE Transactions on Haptics Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI:10.1109/TOH.2025.3526542

Jia Liu;Anders Björkman;Christian Antfolk;Nebojsa Malesevic

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The growing need for human-machine interfaces (HMIs) underscores the importance of sensory feedback, with electrical stimulation offering efficient interaction in various applications. While its sensory effects are extensively studied, investigations into the reaction time (RT) following transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate how stimulation parameters influence RT. We examined RT and RT variability among twenty healthy participants aged 21 to 61 years. Participants underwent 16 stimulation patterns (10 repetitions per pattern) with combinations of four pulse frequencies (4, 26, 48, 70 Hz) and four pulse amplitudes (1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 times of sensory threshold) on four skin locations in the lower leg above peroneal nerve, tibial nerve, tibialis anterior muscle, and a lateral shank control site. RT was assessed as participants dorsiflexed their foot in response to electrical stimulation. Results revealed that both RT and its variability decreased as pulse frequency and amplitude increased, and there was an interaction effect between pulse frequency and amplitude. However, no significant difference was found in RT across stimulation locations. These findings demonstrate how stimulation parameters affect the speed and efficiency of communication between the user and the stimulator, showing promises for augmenting real-time feedback HMIs.

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刺激参数对小腿经皮电刺激后反应时间的影响。

对人机界面（hmi）日益增长的需求强调了感官反馈的重要性，电刺激在各种应用中提供了有效的交互。虽然它的感觉效应被广泛研究，但对经皮电刺激（TES）后的反应时间（RT）的研究仍然有限。本研究旨在评估刺激参数如何影响RT。我们检查了20名年龄在21至61岁的健康参与者的RT和RT变异性。参与者在小腿腓神经、胫神经、胫前肌和小腿外侧控制部位的四个皮肤部位接受了四种脉冲频率（4、26、48、70 Hz）和四种脉冲幅度（1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0倍感觉阈值）的16种刺激模式（每种模式10次重复）。当参与者在电刺激下背屈他们的脚时，RT被评估。结果表明，随脉冲频率和幅值的增加，RT及其变异性均降低，且脉冲频率和幅值之间存在交互作用。然而，不同刺激部位的RT无显著差异。这些发现证明了刺激参数如何影响用户和刺激器之间的通信速度和效率，显示了增强实时反馈hmi的前景。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Haptics COMPUTER SCIENCE, CYBERNETICS-

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

13.80%

发文量

109

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： IEEE Transactions on Haptics (ToH) is a scholarly archival journal that addresses the science, technology, and applications associated with information acquisition and object manipulation through touch. Haptic interactions relevant to this journal include all aspects of manual exploration and manipulation of objects by humans, machines and interactions between the two, performed in real, virtual, teleoperated or networked environments. Research areas of relevance to this publication include, but are not limited to, the following topics: Human haptic and multi-sensory perception and action, Aspects of motor control that explicitly pertain to human haptics, Haptic interactions via passive or active tools and machines, Devices that sense, enable, or create haptic interactions locally or at a distance, Haptic rendering and its association with graphic and auditory rendering in virtual reality, Algorithms, controls, and dynamics of haptic devices, users, and interactions between the two, Human-machine performance and safety with haptic feedback, Haptics in the context of human-computer interactions, Systems and networks using haptic devices and interactions, including multi-modal feedback, Application of the above, for example in areas such as education, rehabilitation, medicine, computer-aided design, skills training, computer games, driver controls, simulation, and visualization.