Fabrication of Novel ZnO@Mn3C photocatalyst for organic pollutants degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation

IF 4.2 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI:10.1016/j.mssp.2025.109425

Hamza Khaliq , Muhammad Adnan , Muhammad Usman , Faiza Shahzad , Ahmed Nadeem , Gamal A. Shazly , Ghulam Abbas Ashraf , Zhenhua Zhao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Organic pollutants are significant threat to water systems, therefore the present study design to produce innovative semiconductor photocatalyst for organic pollutants removal. XRD analysis confirmed the existence of crystalline phases of ZnO and Mn₃C. Additionally, UV–Vis analysis indicated improved light absorption, with a bandgap of 2.18 eV for the ZnO@Mn₃C nanocomposite. TEM analysis revealed a uniform distribution of Zn particles on Mn₃C, while BET measurements indicated that ZnO@Mn₃C exhibited a higher surface area (13.12 m²/g) than Mn₃C (2.262 m²/g), thereby improving porosity and increasing active sites for photocatalysis. XPS verified the successful integration of ZnO with Mn₃C, resulting in the formation of a heterojunction. The fabrication of ZnO@Mn₃C nanocomposite has proved to be a successful approach to enhance durability and photocatalytic efficiency of Mn₃C. Under visible light, the ZnO@Mn₃C nanocomposite showed improved effectiveness in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and degrading RhB as compared to pure Mn₃C. The nanocomposite has the ability to enhance the e⁻ and h⁺ pairs separation and has exceptional photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RhB. The higher photocatalytic activity of ZnO@Mn₃C is attributed to its unique structure, which includes of microscopic pores on the surface that confine PMS to the interface. The nanocomposite has a significantly improved activity, demonstrating the complementary effects of Mn₃C and Zn ions. The degradation of RhB was predominantly attributed to the participation of holes and important reactive radicals such as e⁻, ^•O₂⁻, ^•OH/SO₄^•−, ^•OH, and h⁺. The ZnO@Mn₃C photocatalyst degrades organic pollutants (70–95 %) efficiently, showing promise for environmental remediation. Consequently, this study presents a strategy for developing novel photocatalytic material with remarkable photocatalytic efficiency in degrading organic pollutants from water systems.

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有机污染物是对水系统的重大威胁，因此本研究设计生产用于去除有机污染物的创新型半导体光催化剂。XRD 分析证实了 ZnO 和 Mn3C 晶相的存在。此外，紫外可见光分析表明，ZnO@Mn3C 纳米复合材料的光吸收率提高，带隙达到 2.18 eV。TEM 分析表明，Mn3C 上的 Zn 颗粒分布均匀，而 BET 测量结果表明，ZnO@Mn3C 的比表面积（13.12 m2/g）高于 Mn3C（2.262 m2/g），从而提高了孔隙率，增加了光催化的活性位点。XPS 验证了 ZnO 与 Mn3C 的成功结合，从而形成了异质结。事实证明，ZnO@Mn3C 纳米复合材料的制备是提高 Mn3C 耐久性和光催化效率的成功方法。在可见光下，与纯 Mn3C 相比，ZnO@Mn3C 纳米复合材料在活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）和降解 RhB 方面表现出更高的效率。该纳米复合材料具有增强 e- 和 h+ 对分离的能力，在降解 RhB 方面具有优异的光催化活性。ZnO@Mn3C 具有更高的光催化活性，这要归功于其独特的结构，其表面的微孔将 PMS 限制在界面上。这种纳米复合材料的活性显著提高，证明了 Mn3C 和 Zn 离子的互补作用。RhB 的降解主要归因于空穴和重要活性自由基的参与，如 e-、-O2-、-OH/SO4--、-OH 和 h+。ZnO@Mn3C 光催化剂能有效降解有机污染物（70-95%），为环境修复带来了希望。因此，本研究提出了一种开发新型光催化材料的策略，这种材料在降解水系统中的有机污染物方面具有显著的光催化效率。

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来源期刊

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

4.90%

发文量

780

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing provides a unique forum for the discussion of novel processing, applications and theoretical studies of functional materials and devices for (opto)electronics, sensors, detectors, biotechnology and green energy. Each issue will aim to provide a snapshot of current insights, new achievements, breakthroughs and future trends in such diverse fields as microelectronics, energy conversion and storage, communications, biotechnology, (photo)catalysis, nano- and thin-film technology, hybrid and composite materials, chemical processing, vapor-phase deposition, device fabrication, and modelling, which are the backbone of advanced semiconductor processing and applications. Coverage will include: advanced lithography for submicron devices; etching and related topics; ion implantation; damage evolution and related issues; plasma and thermal CVD; rapid thermal processing; advanced metallization and interconnect schemes; thin dielectric layers, oxidation; sol-gel processing; chemical bath and (electro)chemical deposition; compound semiconductor processing; new non-oxide materials and their applications; (macro)molecular and hybrid materials; molecular dynamics, ab-initio methods, Monte Carlo, etc.; new materials and processes for discrete and integrated circuits; magnetic materials and spintronics; heterostructures and quantum devices; engineering of the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors; crystal growth mechanisms; reliability, defect density, intrinsic impurities and defects.