Gender differences in cognitive performance among young adults with first-episode schizophrenia in China

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY
NingJing Sang , YiMin Fan , HaiYing Chen , HuiRu Cui , YanYan Wei , XiaoChen Tang , LiHua Xu , Yi Mei , JiJun Wang , TianHong Zhang
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Abstract

Background

Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit distinctive patterns of cognitive impairments, which pose difficulties in patients' everyday functionality and reduce patients' quality of life. Previous research suggests that many demographic variables, such as gender and age, influence the cognitive performance profiles of schizophrenia patients; however, the gender differences in neurocognitive dysfunction among first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients remain less clear.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we compared the cognitive performance of FES patients to that of healthy controls (HC), with a specific focus on gender differences within the Chinese population aged under 35 years. Cognitive performance was assessed using the raw scores from the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB).

Results

FES patients show lower overall cognitive impairment across all MCCB domains compared to HCs. Significant sex effects were observed: females outperformed males in aspects of speed of processing and verbal learning in FES, while males outperformed females in parts of working memory and reasoning and problem solving among HC patients. In both FES and HC groups, females exceeded males in visual learning. Moreover, employing a three-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) displayed interaction effects between gender and clinical diagnosis in areas of speed of processing and verbal learning.

Conclusions

This suggests that schizophrenia and biological sex may jointly influence performance in these domains, emphasizing the need for early intervention and gender-sensitive approaches to address cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
中国青少年首发精神分裂症患者认知表现的性别差异
精神分裂症患者表现出独特的认知障碍模式,这给患者的日常功能带来困难,降低了患者的生活质量。先前的研究表明,许多人口统计学变量,如性别和年龄,会影响精神分裂症患者的认知表现概况;然而,首发精神分裂症(FES)患者神经认知功能障碍的性别差异尚不清楚。方法在这项横断面研究中,我们比较了FES患者与健康对照组(HC)的认知表现,并特别关注了35岁以下中国人群中的性别差异。认知表现使用matrix共识认知电池(MCCB)的原始分数进行评估。结果与hcc患者相比,fes患者在所有MCCB域的整体认知功能障碍较低。性别效应显著:女性在FES的加工速度和语言学习方面优于男性,而男性在部分工作记忆和推理和解决问题方面优于女性。在FES组和HC组中,女性在视觉学习方面均优于男性。此外,采用多元方差分析(MANOVA)显示了性别与临床诊断在加工速度和言语学习方面的交互作用。这表明精神分裂症和生理性别可能共同影响这些领域的表现,强调需要早期干预和性别敏感的方法来解决精神分裂症的认知缺陷。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
10.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
67 days
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