Microplastics contamination in carbonated beverage: An emerging threat to human health in Bangladesh

Abstract

The presence of microplastics (MPs) in food items is a global concern due to their potential risks to human health and food security. The occurrence of MPs in Bangladeshi carbonated beverage samples is currently unreported. This study aimed to identify and quantify MP contamination in popular Bangladeshi carbonated beverage. MPs were visually examined using a stereomicroscope, confirming their presence in all 11 analyzed beverage brands. Notably, beverages stored in glass bottles contained the highest concentration of MPs (151 ± 14 particles/L), followed by cans (134 ± 14 particles/L) and PET bottles (95 ± 35 particles/L). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the polymers found in the beverage samples were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), where PP was almost 89.3 %. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) identified the fragmented surfaces of MPs. Compared with the lowest concentration, the microplastic contamination factor (MPCF) was remarkably higher in Bangladesh than in other countries. The estimated intake (EI) of MPs from beverages was 855 particles/individual/year or 427.56 µg/individual/year. This study highlights significant MP contamination in Bangladeshi carbonated beverages, underscoring the urgent need for further research, enhanced consumer awareness, and stricter regulatory enforcement to mitigate potential health risks.