{"title":"Bulk Growth, Thermal, and Polarized Spectral Characters of Nd3+-Doped Ca3(BO3)2 Single Crystals","authors":"Pingzhang Yu, Hongwei Qi, Yanqing Liu, Fapeng Yu, Zhengping Wang, Yangyang Dang","doi":"10.1002/crat.202400230","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growth, ion concentrations, powder X-ray diffraction, thermal properties, and optical spectroscopy of Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺-doped Ca₃(BO₃)₂ single crystals are investigated. The Nd<sup>3+</sup>-doped Ca₃(BO₃)₂ single crystals with 1.97 at.% Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺ are successfully grown using the Czochralski (Cz) technique. To address the chemical valence imbalance between Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺ and Ca<sup>2</sup>⁺ in the Ca₃(BO₃)₂ crystals, the Na⁺ ions are introduced. The concentrations of Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺ and Na⁺ ions in the as-grown crystals are measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), yielding concentrations of 1.97 at% (N<sub>0</sub> = 1.55 × 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>), 1.94 at% (N<sub>0</sub> = 1.52 × 10<sup>20</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>), respectively. The thermal behavior of the Nd<sup>3</sup>⁺-doped Ca<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> crystals, including thermal expansion coefficients, specific heat, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), is systematically investigated. At room temperature, the polarized absorption spectra, polarized fluorescence spectra, and fluorescence decay lifetimes are measured. Spectral parameters, including polarized absorption and stimulated emission cross-sections, intensity parameters, transition probabilities, radiative lifetime, and branching ratios are determined using the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory. The results indicate that Nd<sup>3+</sup>-doped Ca<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> crystals are promising materials for near-infrared lasers, offering advantages such as rapid growth, large size, high specific heat, strong emission, and environmental stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48935,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"60 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Crystal Research and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/crat.202400230","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Chemistry","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The growth, ion concentrations, powder X-ray diffraction, thermal properties, and optical spectroscopy of Nd3⁺-doped Ca₃(BO₃)₂ single crystals are investigated. The Nd3+-doped Ca₃(BO₃)₂ single crystals with 1.97 at.% Nd3⁺ are successfully grown using the Czochralski (Cz) technique. To address the chemical valence imbalance between Nd3⁺ and Ca2⁺ in the Ca₃(BO₃)₂ crystals, the Na⁺ ions are introduced. The concentrations of Nd3⁺ and Na⁺ ions in the as-grown crystals are measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), yielding concentrations of 1.97 at% (N0 = 1.55 × 1020 cm−3), 1.94 at% (N0 = 1.52 × 1020 cm−3), respectively. The thermal behavior of the Nd3⁺-doped Ca3(BO3)2 crystals, including thermal expansion coefficients, specific heat, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), is systematically investigated. At room temperature, the polarized absorption spectra, polarized fluorescence spectra, and fluorescence decay lifetimes are measured. Spectral parameters, including polarized absorption and stimulated emission cross-sections, intensity parameters, transition probabilities, radiative lifetime, and branching ratios are determined using the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory. The results indicate that Nd3+-doped Ca3(BO3)2 crystals are promising materials for near-infrared lasers, offering advantages such as rapid growth, large size, high specific heat, strong emission, and environmental stability.
期刊介绍:
The journal Crystal Research and Technology is a pure online Journal (since 2012).
Crystal Research and Technology is an international journal examining all aspects of research within experimental, industrial, and theoretical crystallography. The journal covers the relevant aspects of
-crystal growth techniques and phenomena (including bulk growth, thin films)
-modern crystalline materials (e.g. smart materials, nanocrystals, quasicrystals, liquid crystals)
-industrial crystallisation
-application of crystals in materials science, electronics, data storage, and optics
-experimental, simulation and theoretical studies of the structural properties of crystals
-crystallographic computing