Side-Stream Based Marine Solubles From Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Modulate Appetite and Dietary Nutrient Utilization in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) and can Replace Fish Meal

IF 3 2区 农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES
Hanne Jorun Sixten, Ivar Rønnestad, André S. Bogevik, Tone Aspevik, Åge Oterhals, Ana S. Gomes, Floriana Lai, Ingvill Tolås, Virginie Gelebard, Marie Hillestad, Katerina Kousoulaki
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Abstract

Whitefish fisheries’ side-stream biomass is an abundant underutilized resource that can be valorized to benefit future aquaculture sustainability. Four novel ingredients based on side-streams from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fileting were produced. FM-hb, a fish meal (FM), and FPH-hb, a fish protein hydrolysate based on heads (h) and backbones (b); FM-hbg, a FM based on heads, backbones, and viscera/guts (g); and FPC-g, a fish protein concentrate based on viscera preserved in formic acid. Four diets were prepared containing one of the ingredients replacing 50% of the dietary FM protein, in addition to a positive (FM10) and a negative (FM5) control. The six diets were fed to triplicate tanks with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.; 113 ± 1 g) over 8 weeks. Besides general performance, gut and brain gene expression for selected hormones and key neuropeptides involved in the control of appetite and digestive processes were studied during feeding and postprandial, and possible reference levels for Atlantic salmon were established. All side-stream-added diets performed well, with no significant differences in performance and biometrics between the treatments. Some gene expression differences were observed, but no well-defined patterns emerged supporting clear dietary effects related to digestive performance or appetite. However, in the brain, a short-time upregulation of agouti-related protein-1 (agrp1), corresponded to higher cumulative feed intake (FI) for the FM10 diet supporting notions that this may be a candidate biomarker for appetite in salmon. Expression of stomach ghrelin-1 (ghrl1) was higher than ghrelin-2 (ghrl2) and membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 4 (mboat4), and midgut peptide YYa-2 (pyya2) and glucagon-a (gcga) were higher than peptide YYb-1 (pyyb1). A comparison showed that midgut peptide YYa-1 (pyya1), pyya2, and gcga expressions were higher than in the hindgut, which is opposite of what is found in mammals. In conclusion, this study shows that sustainable side-stream raw materials with different characteristics can partly replace high-quality commercial FMs giving similar performance.

Abstract Image

大西洋鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)侧流基海洋可溶物调节大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar L.)食欲和饲料营养物质利用,可替代鱼粉
白鱼渔业的侧流生物量是一种丰富的未充分利用的资源,可以对未来水产养殖的可持续性进行估价。以大西洋鳕鱼(Gadus morhua)的侧流为原料,制备了四种新型原料。FM-hb是鱼粉(FM), FPH-hb是鱼头(h)和脊骨(b)的鱼蛋白水解产物;FM-hbg,以头、骨、脏腑为基础的FM (g);FPC-g,一种以保存在甲酸中的内脏为基础的鱼蛋白浓缩物。除阳性对照(FM10)和阴性对照(FM5)外,还配制了4种饲粮,其中一种成分替代饲粮中50%的FM蛋白质。将这6种日粮投喂到装有大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar L.;113±1g),持续8周。除一般性能外,在饲养和餐后研究了参与控制食欲和消化过程的选定激素和关键神经肽的肠道和大脑基因表达,并建立了大西洋鲑鱼可能的参考水平。所有侧流添加饲料表现良好,处理之间的性能和生物特征没有显著差异。观察到一些基因表达差异,但没有明确的模式出现,支持与消化性能或食欲相关的明确饮食影响。然而,在大脑中,短时间上调agouti相关蛋白-1 (agrp1),对应于FM10饮食中较高的累积采食量(FI),支持这可能是鲑鱼食欲的候选生物标志物的观点。胃生长素-1 (ghrl1)的表达高于胃生长素-2 (ghrl2)和膜结合o -酰基转移酶结构域4 (mboat4),中肠肽YYa-2 (pyya2)和胰高血糖素-a (ggga)的表达高于肽YYb-1 (pyyb1)。比较发现,中肠肽YYa-1 (pyya1)、pyya2和ggga的表达高于后肠,这与哺乳动物的情况相反。综上所述,本研究表明,具有不同特征的可持续侧流原材料可以部分替代具有相似性能的高质量商用FMs。
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来源期刊
Aquaculture Nutrition
Aquaculture Nutrition 农林科学-渔业
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
8.60%
发文量
131
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Aquaculture Nutrition is published on a bimonthly basis, providing a global perspective on the nutrition of all cultivated aquatic animals. Topics range from extensive aquaculture to laboratory studies of nutritional biochemistry and physiology. The Journal specifically seeks to improve our understanding of the nutrition of aquacultured species through the provision of an international forum for the presentation of reviews and original research papers. Aquaculture Nutrition publishes papers which strive to: increase basic knowledge of the nutrition of aquacultured species and elevate the standards of published aquaculture nutrition research. improve understanding of the relationships between nutrition and the environmental impact of aquaculture. increase understanding of the relationships between nutrition and processing, product quality, and the consumer. help aquaculturalists improve their management and understanding of the complex discipline of nutrition. help the aquaculture feed industry by providing a focus for relevant information, techniques, tools and concepts.
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