A comprehensive review of laser-induced-graphene for sensor applications: fabrication, properties, and performance evaluation

Abstract

Graphene, renowned for its excellent mechanical and electrical properties, can be fabricated through various methods such as mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and epitaxial growth, each facing challenges that hinder commercial applications. However, laser-induced graphene (LIG), a three-dimensional porous material synthesized by laser technology from sustainable sources, could reduce e-waste while supporting circular economy strategies. In addition to its superior properties, including high thermal conductivity and a high carrier mobility rate, LIG has found extensive applications across diverse fields. Notably, the fabrication process obviates the need for harsh environments and photolithography processes, reducing costs. This review introduces the manufacturing processes of some common sensors and categorizes discussions based on different working mechanisms. LIG-driven devices are emphasized in biology and chemistry, particularly in energy storage devices. Finally, some perspectives on potential development are presented.