Biofilm architecture and dynamics of the oral ecosystem.

Biotechnologia Pub Date : 2024-12-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.5114/bta.2024.145259
Rina Rani Ray
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Abstract

The oral cavity, being a nutritionally enriched environment, has been proven to be an ideal habitat for biofilm development. Various microenvironments, including dental enamel, supra- and subgingival surfaces, salivary fluid, and the dorsal surface of the tongue, harbor diverse microbes. These biofilms typically consist of four major layers. Depending on the food, age, clinical state, and lifestyle of the patient, the microbial growth dynamics in oral biofilm varies significantly. The presence of pathogenic bacteria that disrupt the normal floral composition of the oral cavity can lead to plaque biofilm formation, which is a precursor to various diseases. Noteworthy pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mutans, often initiate biofilm formation. Undiagnosed and untreated oral biofilm can lead to severe diseases like periodontitis and eventual tooth loss. Therefore, studying the architecture and dynamics of oral biofilms is essential and can be achieved through image analysis and modern technologies, such as AI-enabled technologies and surface topography-adaptive robotic superstructures.

口腔生态系统的生物膜结构与动力学。
口腔作为一个营养丰富的环境,已被证明是生物膜发育的理想栖息地。不同的微环境,包括牙釉质、龈上和龈下表面、唾液液和舌背表面,孕育着不同的微生物。这些生物膜通常由四层组成。根据患者的食物、年龄、临床状态和生活方式的不同,口腔生物膜中的微生物生长动态也有很大差异。致病菌的存在破坏了口腔正常的菌群组成,可导致斑块生物膜的形成,这是各种疾病的前兆。值得注意的致病菌,如牙龈卟啉单胞菌、核梭杆菌和变形链球菌,经常引发生物膜的形成。未经诊断和治疗的口腔生物膜会导致严重的疾病,如牙周炎和最终的牙齿脱落。因此,研究口腔生物膜的结构和动力学是必不可少的,可以通过图像分析和现代技术来实现,例如人工智能技术和表面地形自适应机器人上层建筑。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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