Ppb-Level Photoacoustic Detection of Chloroform Using Four-Microphone Array

IF 6.7 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Analytical Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI:10.1021/acs.analchem.4c05658

Dou Dou, Mingqi Jiao, Mingyang Feng, Mu Liang, Kaijun Mu, Yingying Qiao, Lei Li, Chongxin Shan

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Abstract

The photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system commonly enhances the efficiency of optical-acoustic-electrical energy conversion by increasing the laser power, optimizing the resonance characteristics of the photoacoustic cell (PAC), and improving the sensitivity of acoustic sensors. However, conventional systems using a single-microphone or a dual-microphone differential setup for point sampling of the photoacoustic signal fail to account for its spatial distribution, leading to a loss of spatial gain. Drawing on microphone array theory derived from sonar technology, this study, for the first time, presents a PAS sensing system based on a four-microphone array, which is applied to detect chloroform gas. The microphones are positioned at 90° intervals around the PAC resonance chamber wall, enhancing the spatial sampling rate of the signals. A digital phase-locked algorithm demodulates the combined signals from the four microphones into the concentration data. Experimental results show that, compared to a single-microphone system, the four-microphone array system increases sensitivity by a factor of 4, doubles the signal-to-noise ratio, and achieves a minimum detection limit of 69 ppb, demonstrating a significant improvement in sensitivity by capturing the spatial distribution of PA signals.

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来源期刊

Analytical Chemistry 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

12.20%

发文量

1949

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： Analytical Chemistry, a peer-reviewed research journal, focuses on disseminating new and original knowledge across all branches of analytical chemistry. Fundamental articles may explore general principles of chemical measurement science and need not directly address existing or potential analytical methodology. They can be entirely theoretical or report experimental results. Contributions may cover various phases of analytical operations, including sampling, bioanalysis, electrochemistry, mass spectrometry, microscale and nanoscale systems, environmental analysis, separations, spectroscopy, chemical reactions and selectivity, instrumentation, imaging, surface analysis, and data processing. Papers discussing known analytical methods should present a significant, original application of the method, a notable improvement, or results on an important analyte.