The effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on anthropometric, hormonal, metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in pre-and post-menopausal women: a prospective cohort of Saudi women.

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Frontiers in Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-12-04 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1437169
Nada A Al Zunaidy, Abdulrahman S Al-Khalifa, Maha H Alhussain, Sami A Althwab, Mohammed A Mohammed, MoezAlIslam E Faris
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The menopausal transition significantly affects cardiometabolic health, primarily due to changes in reproductive hormones, particularly decreased estrogen levels and relative androgen excess. Adult Muslim women, both pre-and post-menopausal, are mandated to observe Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) every year. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate RIF's effects on pre-menopausal (PRE-M) and post-menopausal (POST-M) healthy women's cardiometabolic health markers. This study further evaluated the relationship between tested markers and the participant's basic variables, such as BMI and body fatness. Due to differences in physiological and metabolic biomarkers between groups, RIF is likely to impact PRE-M and POST-M women differently.

Methods: This study included 62 healthy women (31 PRE-M, aged 21-42 years, and 31 POST-M, aged 43-68 years) who observed RIF. Anthropometrics, sex hormones, lipid profile, pro-inflammatory (TNF-α), anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and aging biomarker insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); all were tested 1 week before and at the fourth week of Ramadan.

Results: Body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass, fat mass index, triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure significantly (p < 0.05) decreased at the end of Ramadan in both groups in comparison to the pre-fasting period. Contrarily, HDL, SOD, GPx, and IL-10 significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both groups. Estrogen levels significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in PRE-M women, whereas significantly (p < 0.05) increased in POST-M women. The progesterone levels, TAC, MDA, and IGF-1 remained unchanged in both groups. TNF-α significantly decreased in both groups, but the magnitude of reduction was higher in PRE-M women. Sex hormones and some metabolic biomarkers, especially in POST-M women, variably exhibited positive or negative relationships to BMI and BFP. RIF may influence the levels of estrogen, TNF-α, and IL-10 through improvements in metabolic health, reductions in body fat, activation of autophagy, modulation of immune responses, and changes in hormonal regulation.

Conclusion: The RIF was generally associated with improved anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in both PRE-M and POST-M healthy women. Adhering to healthy dietary and lifestyle guidelines by pre-and post-menopausal women during Ramadan may foster the health benefits gained.

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来源期刊
Frontiers in Nutrition
Frontiers in Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
8.00%
发文量
2891
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: No subject pertains more to human life than nutrition. The aim of Frontiers in Nutrition is to integrate major scientific disciplines in this vast field in order to address the most relevant and pertinent questions and developments. Our ambition is to create an integrated podium based on original research, clinical trials, and contemporary reviews to build a reputable knowledge forum in the domains of human health, dietary behaviors, agronomy & 21st century food science. Through the recognized open-access Frontiers platform we welcome manuscripts to our dedicated sections relating to different areas in the field of nutrition with a focus on human health. Specialty sections in Frontiers in Nutrition include, for example, Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition & Sustainable Diets, Nutrition and Food Science Technology, Nutrition Methodology, Sport & Exercise Nutrition, Food Chemistry, and Nutritional Immunology. Based on the publication of rigorous scientific research, we thrive to achieve a visible impact on the global nutrition agenda addressing the grand challenges of our time, including obesity, malnutrition, hunger, food waste, sustainability and consumer health.
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