Entropy-engineered BaTiO3-based perovskite ceramics via A/B site synergetic design to enhance energy storage properties

Abstract

The present study reports on entropy-engineered perovskite ceramics (Ca_1/3Sr_1/3Ba_1/3)(Sn_xTi_1−x)O₃ (CSBTO-xSn) with varying Sn-doping levels (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3), achieved through synergistic compositional design in both the A-sites and B-sites of the perovskite. Increasing the Sn-doping content induces a transition in configuration entropy from medium to high values. Notably, at an optimal composition of x = 0.1, the ceramic exhibits exceptional energy storage characteristics including an ultrahigh recoverable energy density (W_rec) of 5.05 J cm⁻³ and a high efficiency (η) of 82.56% at an electric field strength (E_b) of 540 kV cm⁻¹ over a wide temperature range spanning from 30 to 100 °C and frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 200 Hz. Furthermore, this ceramic demonstrates remarkable charge–discharge properties with a discharge energy density (W_dis) of 2.94 J cm⁻³ and a rapid discharge rate of t_0.9 ∼ 67 ns. This study underscores the effectiveness of entropy engineering as a viable approach for developing advanced energy storage capacitors.