Machine learning-based mitigation of thermal and nonlinear impairments in optical communication grids

IF 4.6 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 OPTICS
Farman Ali , Haleem Afsar , Ali Alshamrani , Ammar Armghan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Nonlinear impairments (NIs) act as limiting factors in the performance of long-haul optical communication grids (OCGs), particularly when operating at 100 Gbps over many channels. These deficiencies become worse by the thermal optics effect, which alter the refractive index of optical components and medium leading to signal degradation . This paper introduces a machine learning (ML)-enhanced technique that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to reduce distortions induced by NIs while taking thermal dynamics into account. We expand our investigation to evaluate the quality of service of OCGs under the dual impact of NIs and thermal variations, employing advanced modulation schemes such as polarization division multiplexing 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (PDM-64QAM) and dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK). Extensive simulations, using a split-step Fourier (SSF) method, are performed to model the combined effects of NIs and thermal dynamics on optical signals. Our methodology is supported by stochastic analysis, which simulates the network’s performance while focusing on activation functions that account for thermal impacts on NIs. Our results show that the CNN-based method, in conjunction with advanced modulation schemes, significantly reduces bit error rate (BER) and improves signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), outperforming traditional methods such as support vector machines (SVM) and digital backpropagation (DBP). The proposed approach demonstrates the potential to enhance the quality of transmission (QoT) in OCGs, making it a viable solution for future high-capacity, thermally influenced optical networks.
基于机器学习的光通信电网热损伤和非线性损伤缓解技术
非线性损伤(NIs)是长途光通信网格(OCGs)性能的限制因素,尤其是在多通道以 100 Gbps 速率运行时。热光学效应会改变光学元件和介质的折射率,导致信号衰减,从而使这些缺陷变得更加严重。本文介绍了一种机器学习(ML)增强型技术,它使用卷积神经网络(CNN)来减少由 NIs 引起的失真,同时将热动力学考虑在内。我们采用偏振分复用 64 正交幅度调制(PDM-64QAM)和双偏振正交相移键控(DP-QPSK)等先进调制方案,扩大调查范围,以评估在 NI 和热变化双重影响下 OCG 的服务质量。我们使用分步傅里叶(SSF)方法进行了大量模拟,以模拟 NIs 和热动态对光信号的综合影响。我们的方法得到了随机分析的支持,该分析在模拟网络性能的同时,重点关注考虑热对 NIs 影响的激活函数。结果表明,基于 CNN 的方法与先进的调制方案相结合,可显著降低误码率 (BER),提高信噪比 (SNR),优于支持向量机 (SVM) 和数字反向传播 (DBP) 等传统方法。所提出的方法展示了提高 OCG 传输质量(QoT)的潜力,使其成为未来大容量、受热影响的光网络的可行解决方案。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
1060
审稿时长
3.4 months
期刊介绍: Optics & Laser Technology aims to provide a vehicle for the publication of a broad range of high quality research and review papers in those fields of scientific and engineering research appertaining to the development and application of the technology of optics and lasers. Papers describing original work in these areas are submitted to rigorous refereeing prior to acceptance for publication. The scope of Optics & Laser Technology encompasses, but is not restricted to, the following areas: •development in all types of lasers •developments in optoelectronic devices and photonics •developments in new photonics and optical concepts •developments in conventional optics, optical instruments and components •techniques of optical metrology, including interferometry and optical fibre sensors •LIDAR and other non-contact optical measurement techniques, including optical methods in heat and fluid flow •applications of lasers to materials processing, optical NDT display (including holography) and optical communication •research and development in the field of laser safety including studies of hazards resulting from the applications of lasers (laser safety, hazards of laser fume) •developments in optical computing and optical information processing •developments in new optical materials •developments in new optical characterization methods and techniques •developments in quantum optics •developments in light assisted micro and nanofabrication methods and techniques •developments in nanophotonics and biophotonics •developments in imaging processing and systems
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