Dietary patterns and diabetic microvascular complications risk: a Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry.

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Frontiers in Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-11-01 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1429603

Xin Zhou, Wenbin Zheng, Wen Kong, Tianshu Zeng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: Previous observational studies about the link between dietary factors and diabetic microvascular complications (DMCs) is controversial. Thus, we systemically assessed the potential causal relationship between diet and DMCs risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.

Methods: We used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) statistics to estimate the causal effects of 17 dietary patterns on three common DMCs in European. Summary statistics on dietary intakes were obtained from the UK biobank, and data on DMCs [diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and diabetic neuropathy (DNP)] were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium. A two-sample MR (TSMR) was conducted to explore the causal relationships of dietary habits with DMCs. In addition, multivariable MR analysis (MVMR) was performed to adjust for traditional risk factors for eating habits, and evaluated the direct or indirect effects of diet on DMCs.

Results: TSMR analysis revealed that salad/raw vegetable intake (odd ratio [OR]: 2.830; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.102-7.267; p = 0.0306) and fresh fruit intake (OR: 2.735; 95% CI: 1.622-4.611; p = 0.0002; false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.0082) increased the risk of DR, whereas cheese intake (OR: 0.742; 95% CI: 0.563-0.978; p = 0.0339) and cereal intake (OR: 0.658; 95% CI: 0.444-0.976; p = 0.0374) decreased the risk of DR. Salad/raw vegetable (OR: 6.540; 95% CI: 1.061-40.300; p = 0.0430) and fresh fruit consumption (OR: 3.573; 95% CI: 1.263-10.107; p = 0.0164) are risk factors for DN, while cereal consumption (OR: 0.380; 95% CI: 0.174-0.833; p = 0.0156) is the opposite. And genetically predicted higher pork intake increased the risk of DNP (OR: 160.971; 95% CI: 8.832-2933.974; p = 0.0006; FDR = 0.0153). The MVMR analysis revealed that cheese intake may act as an independent protective factor for DR development. Moreover, fresh fruit intake, salad/raw vegetable intake and pork intake may be independent risk factors for DR, DN and DNP, respectively. Other causal associations between dietary habits and DMCs risk may be mediated by intermediate factors.

Conclusion: This causal relationship study supports that specific dietary interventions may reduce the risk of DMCs.

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饮食模式与糖尿病微血管并发症风险：欧洲血统的孟德尔随机研究。

目的：以往关于饮食因素与糖尿病微血管并发症（DMCs）之间联系的观察性研究存在争议。因此，我们采用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法系统评估了饮食与糖尿病微血管并发症风险之间的潜在因果关系：方法：我们使用全基因组关联研究（GWAS）统计数据来估算欧洲人的 17 种饮食模式对三种常见 DMCs 的因果影响。膳食摄入量的简要统计数据来自英国生物库，DMCs[糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）、糖尿病肾病（DN）和糖尿病神经病变（DNP）]的数据来自 FinnGen Consortium。为探讨饮食习惯与 DMCs 的因果关系，进行了双样本 MR（TSMR）分析。此外，还进行了多变量 MR 分析（MVMR），以调整饮食习惯的传统风险因素，并评估饮食对 DMCs 的直接或间接影响：TSMR分析显示，沙拉/生蔬菜摄入量（奇数比[OR]：2.830；95%置信区间[CI]：1.102-7.267；P＜0.05）对DMCs的影响最小：1.102-7.267；p = 0.0306）和新鲜水果摄入量（OR：2.735；95% CI：1.622-4.611；p = 0.0002；假发现率 [FDR] = 0.0082）会增加 DR 风险，而奶酪摄入量（OR：0.742；95% CI：0.563-0.978；p = 0.0339）和谷物摄入量（OR：0.658；95% CI：0.444-0.976；p = 0.0374）会降低 DR 风险。沙拉/生蔬菜（OR：6.540；95% CI：1.061-40.300；p = 0.0430）和新鲜水果摄入量（OR：3.573；95% CI：1.263-10.107；p = 0.0164）是DN的风险因素，而谷物摄入量（OR：0.380；95% CI：0.174-0.833；p = 0.0156）则与之相反。基因预测的猪肉摄入量越高，DNP 的风险越大（OR：160.971；95% CI：8.832-2933.974；P = 0.0006；FDR = 0.0153）。MVMR分析显示，奶酪摄入量可能是DR发生的一个独立保护因素。此外，新鲜水果摄入量、沙拉/生蔬菜摄入量和猪肉摄入量可能分别是DR、DN和DNP的独立危险因素。饮食习惯与 DMCs 风险之间的其他因果关系可能由中间因素介导：这项因果关系研究表明，特定的饮食干预措施可降低 DMCs 风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

8.00%

发文量

2891

审稿时长

12 weeks

期刊介绍： No subject pertains more to human life than nutrition. The aim of Frontiers in Nutrition is to integrate major scientific disciplines in this vast field in order to address the most relevant and pertinent questions and developments. Our ambition is to create an integrated podium based on original research, clinical trials, and contemporary reviews to build a reputable knowledge forum in the domains of human health, dietary behaviors, agronomy & 21st century food science. Through the recognized open-access Frontiers platform we welcome manuscripts to our dedicated sections relating to different areas in the field of nutrition with a focus on human health. Specialty sections in Frontiers in Nutrition include, for example, Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition & Sustainable Diets, Nutrition and Food Science Technology, Nutrition Methodology, Sport & Exercise Nutrition, Food Chemistry, and Nutritional Immunology. Based on the publication of rigorous scientific research, we thrive to achieve a visible impact on the global nutrition agenda addressing the grand challenges of our time, including obesity, malnutrition, hunger, food waste, sustainability and consumer health.