The Development of Epilepsy Following CNS Viral Infections: Mechanisms.

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI:10.1007/s11910-024-01393-4

Giulia Savoca, Arianna Gianfredi, Luca Bartolini

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review examines the role of different viral infections in epileptogenesis, with a focus on Herpesviruses such as Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), Flaviviruses, Picornaviruses, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Influenzavirus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Recent findings: A growing literature on animal models, such as the paradigmatic Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) model, and clinical investigations in patients with epilepsy have started to elucidate cellular mechanisms implicated in seizure initiation and development of epilepsy following viral infections. A central role of neuroinflammation has emerged, with evidence of activation of the innate and adaptive immunity, dysregulation of microglial and astrocytic activity and production of multiple cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Several chronic downstream effects result in increased blood-brain barrier permeability, direct neuronal damage, and modifications of ion channels ultimately leading to altered neuronal excitability and seizure generation. Key findings underscore the complex interplay between initial viral infection, neuroinflammation, and later development of epilepsy. Further research is needed to elucidate these mechanisms and develop targeted interventions.

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中枢神经系统病毒感染后癫痫的发生：机制。

综述目的：这篇综述探讨了不同病毒感染在癫痫发生中的作用，重点是疱疹病毒，如人类疱疹病毒 6 (HHV-6) 和爱泼斯坦巴氏病毒 (EBV)、黄病毒、皮卡病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)、流感病毒和严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)：越来越多关于动物模型（如典型的泰勒氏鼠脑脊髓炎病毒（TMEV）模型）和癫痫患者临床研究的文献开始阐明病毒感染后癫痫发作和发展的细胞机制。神经炎症的核心作用已经显现，有证据表明先天性和适应性免疫激活、微胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞活性失调以及多种细胞因子和其他炎症介质的产生。几种慢性下游效应导致血脑屏障通透性增加、神经元直接损伤和离子通道改变，最终导致神经元兴奋性改变和癫痫发作。主要发现强调了最初的病毒感染、神经炎症和后来的癫痫发展之间复杂的相互作用。要阐明这些机制并制定有针对性的干预措施，还需要进一步的研究。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports provides in-depth review articles contributed by international experts on the most significant developments in the field. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced reviews that emphasize recently published papers of major importance, the journal elucidates current and emerging approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, management, and prevention of neurological disease and disorders. Presents the views of experts on current advances in neurology and neuroscience Gathers and synthesizes important recent papers on the topic Includes reviews of recently published clinical trials, valuable web sites, and commentaries from well-known figures in the field.