MKIDGen3: Energy-resolving, single-photon-counting microwave kinetic inductance detector readout on a radio frequency system-on-chip.

IF 1.3 4区 工程技术 Q3 INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
Jennifer Pearl Smith, John I Bailey, Aled Cuda, Nicholas Zobrist, Benjamin A Mazin
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are superconducting detectors capable of single-photon counting with energy resolution across the ultraviolet, optical, and infrared (UVOIR) spectrum with microsecond timing precision. MKIDs are also multiplexable, providing a feasible way to create large-format, cryogenic arrays for sensitive imaging applications in biology, astronomy, and quantum information. Building large, cryogenic MKID arrays requires processing highly multiplexed, wideband readout signals in real time; this task has previously required large, heavy, and power-intensive custom electronics. In this work, we present the third-generation UVOIR MKID readout system (Gen3), which is capable of reading out twice as many detectors with an order of magnitude lower power, weight, volume, and cost-per-pixel as compared to the previous system. Gen3 leverages the Xilinx RFSoC4x2 platform to read out 2048, 1 MHz MKID channels per board. The system takes a modern approach to FPGA design using Vitis High-Level Synthesis to specify signal processing blocks in C/C++, Vivado ML intelligent design runs to inform implementation strategy and close timing, and Python productivity for Zynq to simplify interacting with and programming the FPGA using Python. This design suite and tool flow allows general users to contribute to and maintain the design and positions Gen3 to rapidly migrate to future platforms as they become available. In this work, we describe the system requirements, design, and implementation. We also provide performance characterization details and show that the system achieves detector-limited resolving power in the case of few readout tones and minimal degradation with all 2048 tones. Planned upgrades and future work are also discussed. The Gen3 MKID readout system is fully open-source and is expected to facilitate future array scaling to megapixel-sized formats and increase the feasibility of deploying UVOIR MKIDs in space.

MKIDGen3:在射频片上系统上读出能量分辨、单光子计数微波动感探测器。
微波动感探测器(MKID)是一种超导探测器,能够在紫外、光学和红外(UVOIR)光谱范围内以微秒级的计时精度进行单光子计数和能量分辨。MKID 还具有复用性,为生物、天文和量子信息领域的敏感成像应用提供了创建大尺寸低温阵列的可行方法。建立大型低温 MKID 阵列需要实时处理高度多路复用的宽带读出信号;这项任务以前需要大型、重型和功率密集型定制电子设备。在这项工作中,我们展示了第三代 UVOIR MKID 读出系统(Gen3),它能够读出两倍数量的探测器,而功率、重量、体积和每像素成本都比上一代系统低一个数量级。Gen3 利用赛灵思 RFSoC4x2 平台,每个电路板可读出 2048 个 1 MHz MKID 通道。该系统采用现代化的 FPGA 设计方法,使用 Vitis 高级合成技术以 C/C++ 语言指定信号处理块,使用 Vivado ML 智能设计运行来告知实施策略和关闭时序,使用 Zynq Python 生产率来简化与 FPGA 的交互和使用 Python 编程。这种设计套件和工具流允许普通用户参与和维护设计,并使 Gen3 能够在未来平台可用时快速迁移到这些平台。在这项工作中,我们描述了系统要求、设计和实现。我们还提供了性能表征细节,并表明该系统在读出音调较少的情况下实现了探测器极限分辨力,而在读出全部 2048 个音调的情况下,分辨力衰减最小。我们还讨论了计划中的升级和未来的工作。第三代 MKID 读出系统是完全开源的,预计将促进未来阵列扩展到百万像素大小的格式,并提高在太空部署紫外可见光 MKID 的可行性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Review of Scientific Instruments
Review of Scientific Instruments 工程技术-物理:应用
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
758
审稿时长
2.6 months
期刊介绍: Review of Scientific Instruments, is committed to the publication of advances in scientific instruments, apparatuses, and techniques. RSI seeks to meet the needs of engineers and scientists in physics, chemistry, and the life sciences.
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