Inequality in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions intensity has risen in rural China from 1993 to 2020

Nature Food Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1038/s43016-024-01071-1

Xiangbo Xu, Qiran Zhao, Jianbing Guo, Chang Li, Jing Li, Kunyu Niu, Shuqin Jin, Chao Fu, Paul P. J. Gaffney, Yan Xu, Mingxing Sun, Yinghao Xue, Dunhu Chang, Yumei Zhang, Wei Si, Shenggen Fan, Linxiu Zhang

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Abstract

Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in crop production while ensuring emission equity is crucial for sustainable agriculture in China, yet long-term large-scale data on GHG emissions intensity (GEI) are limited. Using an extensive dataset based on surveyed farm households (n > 430,000 households) from 1993 to 2020, we reveal that 2015 was a turning point for GEI levels, which dropped 16% in 2020, while inequality—measured as average GHG emissions per unit planted area—increased 13%. The key driving forces behind such trends included farmland input, all other inputs, agricultural labour input and total factor productivity but not capital input. Notably, farmland input and all other inputs contributed to 80% of the inequality, while contribution of total factor productivity gradually declined and was replaced by migration-induced agricultural labour input differences. Reducing GEI levels and guarding against widening inequality require optimizing production factor inputs.

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1993 至 2020 年中国农村农业温室气体排放强度的不平等有所上升

减少农作物生产过程中的温室气体（GHG）排放，同时确保排放公平对中国农业可持续发展至关重要，但有关温室气体排放强度（GEI）的长期大规模数据却十分有限。通过使用基于 1993 年至 2020 年调查农户（43 万户）的广泛数据集，我们发现 2015 年是温室气体排放强度水平的转折点，到 2020 年温室气体排放强度下降了 16%，而以单位种植面积平均温室气体排放量衡量的不平等则增加了 13%。这种趋势背后的主要驱动力包括农田投入、所有其他投入、农业劳动力投入和全要素生产率，但不包括资本投入。值得注意的是，耕地投入和所有其他投入造成了 80% 的不平等，而全要素生产率的贡献逐渐下降，取而代之的是移民导致的农业劳动力投入差异。要降低 GEI 水平并防止不平等扩大，就必须优化生产要素投入。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Nature Food

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