Evaluating text, icon, and graphic nutrition labels: An eye tracking experiment with Latino adults in the US

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Appetite Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107745

Marissa G. Hall , Anna H. Grummon , Callie Whitesell , Cristina J.Y. Lee , Quinn Errico , Tiffiany Portacio , Mirian I. Avendaño-Galdamez , M. Justin Byron , Adam O. Goldstein

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is developing front-of-package nutrition labels for packaged foods. Identifying the most promising type of label among Latino adults could inform federal regulation, given high rates of diet-related disease in Latino populations. Additionally, exploring English-language label effects among populations with limited English proficiency could inform equitable label design. We examined whether text, icon, or graphic nutrition labels attract attention among Latino populations and whether label effects differed by English proficiency. In 2023, we recruited 63 adults in North Carolina identifying as Latino/a/é (hereinafter “Latino”); 48% had limited English proficiency. Participants viewed four labels on a can of soup in random order: a barcode label (control) and text, icon, and graphic labels reading, “WARNING: High in sodium.” Eye trackers measured time spent viewing the label (dwell time), number of times viewing the label (fixation count), and time to first fixation on the label. A survey assessed secondary outcomes. Dwell time was highest for the graphic label (mean = 2.58 s (s)), followed by icon (mean = 2.34s), text (mean = 1.94s), and control labels (mean = .96s; p for each label vs. control <.001). The impact of label type on dwell time did not differ by English proficiency (p = .669). Fixation count was highest for the graphic label, followed by the icon, text, and control labels (p for each label vs. control <.001). Participants viewed the graphic and text labels more quickly than control (ps = .01). Self-reported attention, perceived message effectiveness, and understandability were higher for graphic, icon, and text labels than control (all p < .001 vs. control). This study suggests that front-of-package labels signaling that foods are high in nutrients of concern can attract consumers’ attention, especially when the labels include images or icons.

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评估文字、图标和图形营养标签：针对美国拉丁裔成年人的眼动实验。

美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）正在开发包装食品的包装前营养标签。鉴于拉丁裔人群中与饮食相关的疾病发病率较高，在拉丁裔成年人中确定最有前景的标签类型可为联邦法规提供参考。此外，在英语水平有限的人群中探索英语标签的效果也能为公平的标签设计提供参考。我们研究了文字、图标或图形营养标签是否能吸引拉丁裔人群的注意，以及标签效果是否因英语水平而异。2023 年，我们在北卡罗来纳州招募了 63 名拉美裔成人（以下简称 "拉美裔"），其中 48% 的人英语水平有限。参与者按随机顺序观看了一罐汤上的四种标签：条形码标签（对照组）以及文字、图标和图形标签，标签上写着 "警告：钠含量高"。眼动仪测量了观察标签的时间（停留时间）、观察标签的次数（固定次数）以及首次固定在标签上的时间。一项调查评估了次要结果。图形标签的停留时间最长（平均=2.58 秒），其次是图标标签（平均=2.34 秒）、文本标签（平均=1.94 秒）和对照标签（平均=0.96 秒；每个标签与对照标签的比较结果为 P。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Appetite 医学-行为科学

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

566

审稿时长

13.4 weeks

期刊介绍： Appetite is an international research journal specializing in cultural, social, psychological, sensory and physiological influences on the selection and intake of foods and drinks. It covers normal and disordered eating and drinking and welcomes studies of both human and non-human animal behaviour toward food. Appetite publishes research reports, reviews and commentaries. Thematic special issues appear regularly. From time to time the journal carries abstracts from professional meetings. Submissions to Appetite are expected to be based primarily on observations directly related to the selection and intake of foods and drinks; papers that are primarily focused on topics such as nutrition or obesity will not be considered unless they specifically make a novel scientific contribution to the understanding of appetite in line with the journal's aims and scope.