A molecular mechanism for bright color variation in parrots

IF 44.7 1区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Science Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1126/science.adp7710

Roberto Arbore, Soraia Barbosa, Jindich Brejcha, Yohey Ogawa, Yu Liu, Michaël P. J. Nicolaï, Paulo Pereira, Stephen J. Sabatino, Alison Cloutier, Emily Shui Kei Poon, Cristiana I. Marques, Pedro Andrade, Gerben Debruyn, Sandra Afonso, Rita Afonso, Shatadru Ghosh Roy, Uri Abdu, Ricardo J. Lopes, Peter Mojzeš, Petr Marík, Simon Yung Wa Sin, Michael A. White, Pedro M. Araújo, Joseph C. Corbo, Miguel Carneiro

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Abstract

Parrots produce stunning plumage colors through unique pigments called psittacofulvins. However, the mechanism underlying their ability to generate a spectrum of vibrant yellows, reds, and greens remains enigmatic. We uncover a unifying chemical basis for a wide range of parrot plumage colors, which result from the selective deposition of red aldehyde- and yellow carboxyl-containing psittacofulvin molecules in developing feathers. Through genetic mapping, biochemical assays, and single-cell genomics, we identified a critical player in this process, the aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH3A2, which oxidizes aldehyde psittacofulvins into carboxyl forms in late-differentiating keratinocytes during feather development. The simplicity of the underlying molecular mechanism, in which a single enzyme influences the balance of red and yellow pigments, offers an explanation for the exceptional evolutionary lability of parrot coloration.

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鹦鹉亮色变异的分子机制

鹦鹉通过一种名为 "鹦鹉富勒烯 "的独特色素产生令人惊叹的羽毛颜色。然而，它们产生鲜艳的黄色、红色和绿色的能力背后的机制仍然是个谜。我们发现了多种鹦鹉羽色的统一化学基础，这些羽色是红色醛基和黄色羧基鹦鹉热素分子在发育羽毛中选择性沉积的结果。通过基因图谱、生化试验和单细胞基因组学，我们确定了这一过程中的一个关键角色--醛脱氢酶 ALDH3A2，它能在羽毛发育过程中将晚分化角质细胞中的醛型鹦鹉热素氧化成羧基形式。这种由单一酶影响红色和黄色色素平衡的基本分子机制非常简单，它为鹦鹉色彩在进化过程中的特殊不稳定性提供了一种解释。

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来源期刊

Science 综合性期刊-综合性期刊

CiteScore

61.10

自引率

0.90%

发文量

审稿时长

2.1 months

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