A Bio-Psycho-Social Approach to Understanding Optimism and Pessimism in Response to Stress.

IF 3 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
Yok-Fong Paat, Trina L Hope, João B Ferreira-Pinto, Hector Olvera Alvarez
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Abstract

Stress is widely known to have debilitating effects on physical health and mental wellbeing, particularly on one's coping styles, personality traits, and outlook on life. Cumulative and chronic stress, which can serve as a triggering or aggravating factor for many pathological disorders if left unaddressed, has been linked to many life-threatening diseases. While many studies have looked at how optimism and pessimism are used as a form of coping mechanism, few have examined how different bio-psycho-social reactions to stress shape the level of optimism and pessimism. Using a sample of adult individuals aged 18 and older in the United States (n = 3361), this study addressed the following research questions: (1) What types of stress are predictive of optimism and pessimism? (2) Which responses to stress and coping mechanisms are most predictive of optimism and pessimism? (3) Do optimism and pessimism share the same stress-related risk and protective factors? Overall, this study found that while optimism and pessimism share conceptual similarities, they are not necessarily influenced by the same stress mechanisms. Stress, whether personal or financial, was associated with a negative outlook on life. This study showed that having good sleep quality and a lower number of psychological stress symptoms was linked to increasing optimism and reducing pessimism, while overeating or eating unhealthily was connected to both optimism and pessimism. Additionally, this study found that exercise/walking and emotional support mediated the effects of the responses to stress on the respondents' level of optimism and pessimism.

从生物-心理-社会角度理解乐观主义和悲观主义对压力的反应。
众所周知,压力会对身体健康和心理健康产生破坏性影响,尤其是对人的应对方式、个性特征和人生观。累积性和慢性压力,如果不加以解决,会成为许多病理紊乱的诱发或加重因素,与许多危及生命的疾病有关。虽然许多研究都探讨了乐观和悲观如何被用作一种应对机制,但很少有研究探讨不同的生物-心理-社会对压力的反应如何影响乐观和悲观的程度。本研究以美国 18 岁及以上的成年人为样本(n = 3361),探讨了以下研究问题:(1)哪些类型的压力可预测乐观和悲观?(2) 哪些对压力的反应和应对机制最能预测乐观主义和悲观主义?(3) 乐观主义和悲观主义是否具有相同的压力相关风险和保护因素?总之,本研究发现,虽然乐观主义和悲观主义在概念上有相似之处,但它们并不一定受到相同压力机制的影响。无论是个人压力还是经济压力,都与消极的人生观有关。这项研究表明,拥有良好的睡眠质量和较少的心理压力症状与增加乐观情绪和减少悲观情绪有关,而暴饮暴食或饮食不健康则与乐观情绪和悲观情绪有关。此外,该研究还发现,运动/散步和情感支持可以调节压力反应对受访者乐观和悲观程度的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
12.50%
发文量
111
审稿时长
8 weeks
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