Cognitive profiles and developmental variations in ADHD: A comparative analysis of childhood and adolescent diagnoses.

IF 1.4 4区心理学 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Applied Neuropsychology: Child Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI:10.1080/21622965.2024.2420219

Irene Pascual Zapatero, Rosa Jurado Barba, Laura Esteban Rodríguez

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Abstract

This retrospective study investigates the cognitive profiles of individuals with ADHD, categorized by the age at which they were diagnosed-either during childhood or adolescence. The sample comprised 424 participants aged 6 to 20 years, with a predominance of males. Participants were assessed using a variety of neuropsychological standardized tests. The study found significant differences in cognitive performance between those diagnosed in childhood and those diagnosed in adolescence. Specifically, childhood diagnoses were associated with poorer performance in vigilance, selective attention, and motor control, while adolescent diagnoses were linked to lower scores in the environment's perception of their flexibility, working memory, and planning. Binary logistic regression analyses indicated that the neuropsychological profile for the combined ADHD subtype did not vary by age group, in contrast with the inattentive subtype, in which different cognitive constructs were identified serving as significant predictors. Findings suggest that the cognitive challenges associated with ADHD evolve with development, highlighting the need for age-appropriate diagnostic criteria and interventions.

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多动症的认知特征和发展变化：儿童和青少年诊断对比分析。

这项回顾性研究调查了多动症患者的认知概况，根据他们被诊断出患有多动症的年龄进行了分类--有的是在儿童时期，有的是在青少年时期。样本包括 424 名 6 至 20 岁的参与者，其中男性居多。研究人员使用各种神经心理学标准化测试对参与者进行了评估。研究发现，在儿童期和青少年期确诊的患者在认知能力方面存在明显差异。具体来说，儿童期确诊者在警觉性、选择性注意和运动控制方面的表现较差，而青少年期确诊者在环境对其灵活性的感知、工作记忆和计划性方面的得分较低。二元逻辑回归分析表明，综合型多动症亚型的神经心理学特征并不因年龄组而异，这与注意力不集中亚型形成鲜明对比，在注意力不集中亚型中，不同的认知结构被认为是重要的预测因素。研究结果表明，与多动症相关的认知挑战会随着发育而不断变化，因此需要制定与年龄相适应的诊断标准和干预措施。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Applied Neuropsychology: Child CLINICAL NEUROLOGY-PSYCHOLOGY

CiteScore

4.00

自引率

5.90%

发文量

期刊介绍： Applied Neuropsychology: Child publishes clinical neuropsychological articles concerning assessment, brain functioning and neuroimaging, neuropsychological treatment, and rehabilitation in children. Full-length articles and brief communications are included. Case studies of child patients carefully assessing the nature, course, or treatment of clinical neuropsychological dysfunctions in the context of scientific literature, are suitable. Review manuscripts addressing critical issues are encouraged. Preference is given to papers of clinical relevance to others in the field. All submitted manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by the Editor-in-Chief, and, if found suitable for further considerations are peer reviewed by independent, anonymous expert referees. All peer review is single-blind and submission is online via ScholarOne Manuscripts.