Negative auditory hallucinations are associated with increased activation of the defensive motivational system in schizophrenia

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY
Anna R. Knippenberg, Sabrina Yavari, Gregory P. Strauss
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Abstract

Auditory hallucinations (AH) are the most common symptom of psychosis. The voices people hear make comments that are benign or even encouraging, but most often voices are threatening and derogatory. Negative AH are often highly distressing and contribute to suicide risk and violent behavior. Biological mechanisms underlying the valence of voices (i.e., positive, negative, neutral) are not well delineated. In the current study, we examined whether AH voice valence was associated with increased activation of the Defensive Motivational System, as indexed by central and autonomic system response to unpleasant stimuli. Data were evaluated from two studies that used a common symptom rating instrument, the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSY-RATS), to measure AH valence. Participants included outpatients diagnosed with SZ. Tasks included: Study 1: Trier Social Stress Task while heart rate was recorded via electrocardiography (N = 27); Study 2: Passive Viewing Task while participants were exposed to pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) library while eye movements, pupil dilation, and electroencephalography were recorded (N = 25). Results indicated that negative voice content was significantly associated with: 1) increased heart rate during an acute social stressor, 2) increased pupil dilation to unpleasant images, 3) higher neural reactivity to unpleasant images, and 4) a greater likelihood of having bottom-up attention drawn to unpleasant stimuli. Findings suggest that negative AH are associated with greater Defensive Motivational System activation in terms of central and autonomic nervous system response.
负性幻听与精神分裂症患者防御性动机系统的激活增加有关
幻听(AH)是精神病最常见的症状。人们听到的声音可能是善意的,甚至是鼓励性的,但最常见的是威胁性和贬损性的。负面的幻听通常会给人带来极大的痛苦,并导致自杀风险和暴力行为。声音的价值(即积极、消极、中性)的生物机制尚未得到很好的描述。在当前的研究中,我们考察了 AH 声音的价值是否与防御性动机系统的激活增加有关,该系统以中枢和自律神经系统对不愉快刺激的反应为指标。我们对两项研究的数据进行了评估,这两项研究使用了一种通用的症状评定工具--精神病症状评定量表(PSY-RATS)来测量AH声价。参与者包括被诊断为精神分裂症的门诊患者。任务包括研究1:特里尔社会压力任务,同时通过心电图记录心率(N = 27);研究2:被动观看任务,同时让参与者观看国际情感图片系统(IAPS)库中的愉快、不愉快和中性图片,同时记录眼球运动、瞳孔放大和脑电图(N = 25)。结果表明,负面语音内容与以下因素有明显关联1)在急性社会压力下心率加快;2)对不愉快图像的瞳孔放大程度增加;3)对不愉快图像的神经反应性提高;4)自下而上的注意力被不愉快刺激吸引的可能性增加。研究结果表明,从中枢神经系统和自主神经系统的反应来看,消极的 AH 与更大的防御动机系统激活有关。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
10.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
67 days
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