Crop Residue Biochar Rather Than Manure and Straw Return Provided Short Term Synergism Among Grain Production, Carbon Sequestration, and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction in a Paddy Under Rice-Wheat Rotation

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Xin Xia, Zheng Zhao, Yuanjun Ding, Xiao Feng, Shuotong Chen, Qianqian Shao, Xiaoyu Liu, Kun Cheng, Rongjun Bian, Jufeng Zheng, Lianqing Li, Genxing Pan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Return of crop residues directly as straw, animal manure, or biochar are recommended management options for biowaste recycling and soil organic carbon (SOC) maintenance in agriculture. However, to address the soil health challenges associated with soil degradation and climate change, it is critical to determine if or which of these different forms of crop residues could deliver a synergic improvement in SOC storage, emission reduction, and crop productivity following field application. In this study, maize straw in the form of air-dried biomass (CS), manure via cattle digestion (CM), and biochar via pyrolysis (CB) was respectively amended once at a dose of 10 t C ha−1, in comparison to no maize straw addition (CK), in a paddy field under rice-wheat rotation. Changes in soil properties, SOC storage, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and rice/wheat yield were examined over two consecutive rice/wheat rotation cycles following soil amendment. The total rice grain yield considerably increased by 6% under CM and CB, while it reduced by 6% under CS compared to CK. Soil nutrient content persistently increased under CM and CB by 4.2% ~ 17% and 11% ~ 26% for total nitrogen, 26% ~ 61% and 20% ~ 53% for available P, and 2% ~ 82% and 30% ~ 115% for available K, respectively. Topsoil SOC storage increased considerably by 8% under CM and 20% under CB, while remained unchanged under CS, compared to CK. The total methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were considerably increased by 7 folds and 15% under CS and 3.5 folds and 61% under CM, respectively, compared to CK. In contrast, these emissions considerably decreased under CB by 33% for CH4 and 29% for N2O. Consequently, the C emission efficiency considerably reduced under CS and CM but increased under CB over the two rotation cycles monitored. Moreover, the soil quality index (SQI) considerably improved under CM and CB but remained unchanged under CS compared to CK. Among the different forms of straw return, manure, and biochar, straw amendments differed considerably in their effects on C sequestration, GHG emissions, and crop productivity. Only biochar from crop residues synergistically improved these functions in the short-term following application to paddy soil.

在稻麦轮作的稻田中,作物残茬生物炭而不是粪肥和秸秆还田可在短期内实现粮食产量、碳封存和温室气体减排的协同作用
将作物秸秆直接作为秸秆、动物粪便或生物炭还田是农业中生物废物循环利用和土壤有机碳(SOC)维护的推荐管理方案。然而,为了应对与土壤退化和气候变化相关的土壤健康挑战,关键是要确定这些不同形式的作物秸秆在田间应用后,是否或哪种形式的作物秸秆能协同改善土壤有机碳储存、减排和作物生产力。在这项研究中,与不添加玉米秸秆(CK)相比,在水稻-小麦轮作的稻田中分别添加了风干生物质形式的玉米秸秆(CS)、牛粪(CM)和热解生物炭(CB),添加剂量为 10 吨 C ha-1。在土壤改良后的两个连续的水稻/小麦轮作周期中,考察了土壤性质、SOC 储存、温室气体(GHG)排放以及水稻/小麦产量的变化。与 CK 相比,CM 和 CB 的水稻总产量显著增加了 6%,而 CS 的水稻总产量减少了 6%。土壤养分含量在 CM 和 CB 条件下持续增加,全氮分别增加了 4.2% ~ 17% 和 11% ~ 26%,可利用钾分别增加了 2% ~ 82% 和 30% ~ 115%,可利用磷分别增加了 26% ~ 61% 和 20% ~ 53%。与 CK 相比,CM 和 CB 的表土 SOC 储量分别增加了 8%和 20%,而 CS 保持不变。与 CK 相比,CS 条件下甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)的总排放量分别增加了 7 倍和 15%,CM 条件下分别增加了 3.5 倍和 61%。相比之下,在 CB 条件下,CH4 和 N2O 的排放量分别减少了 33% 和 29%。因此,在监测的两个轮作周期中,CS 和 CM 的碳排放效率显著降低,而 CB 的碳排放效率则有所提高。此外,与 CK 相比,CM 和 CB 的土壤质量指数(SQI)显著提高,但 CS 保持不变。在不同形式的秸秆还田、粪肥和生物炭中,秸秆改良剂对固碳、温室气体排放和作物产量的影响差别很大。只有从作物秸秆中提取的生物炭在施用到水稻田土壤后,能在短期内协同改善这些功能。
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来源期刊
Food and Energy Security
Food and Energy Security Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
4.00%
发文量
76
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: Food and Energy Security seeks to publish high quality and high impact original research on agricultural crop and forest productivity to improve food and energy security. It actively seeks submissions from emerging countries with expanding agricultural research communities. Papers from China, other parts of Asia, India and South America are particularly welcome. The Editorial Board, headed by Editor-in-Chief Professor Martin Parry, is determined to make FES the leading publication in its sector and will be aiming for a top-ranking impact factor. Primary research articles should report hypothesis driven investigations that provide new insights into mechanisms and processes that determine productivity and properties for exploitation. Review articles are welcome but they must be critical in approach and provide particularly novel and far reaching insights. Food and Energy Security offers authors a forum for the discussion of the most important advances in this field and promotes an integrative approach of scientific disciplines. Papers must contribute substantially to the advancement of knowledge. Examples of areas covered in Food and Energy Security include: • Agronomy • Biotechnological Approaches • Breeding & Genetics • Climate Change • Quality and Composition • Food Crops and Bioenergy Feedstocks • Developmental, Physiology and Biochemistry • Functional Genomics • Molecular Biology • Pest and Disease Management • Post Harvest Biology • Soil Science • Systems Biology
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