Prevalence of alcohol use among U.S. older adults with pain: A scoping review

Abstract

The majority of older adults in the United States (U.S.) have been bothered by pain in the past month and over one-third report pain that has persisted or recurred for >3 months (i.e., chronic pain). Accumulating evidence indicates that behavioral factors, such as alcohol use, can influence the impact of pain on health and functioning in older adults. However, most studies exploring the prevalence of alcohol use among individuals with pain have not focused on older adults, specifically. Therefore, the goal of this scoping review was to examine what is known about the prevalence of alcohol use in older adults with pain. Relevant articles published prior to April 2024 were identified through a comprehensive search strategy, developed in collaboration with content experts and a medical librarian. A total of 13 studies met inclusion criteria for this paper. Results indicated that 53–64 % of older adults with pain reported alcohol consumption, 11–28 % engaged in hazardous patterns of alcohol use, and 1–10 % had a documented alcohol use diagnosis. Moreover, there is evidence that pain severity is positively associated with likelihood of alcohol consumption among older adults. These findings are worrisome given evidence that alcohol use has been shown to lead to poorer pain outcomes, and that older adults may be at risk for experiencing detrimental alcohol-related effects at comparatively low doses, given unique challenges faced by this population (e.g., high rates of multimorbidity/polypharmacy). Collectively, findings underscore the need for enhanced assessment and treatment of alcohol use in older adults with pain.