Water: The soul of hydrogels

IF 33.6 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Progress in Materials Science Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2024.101378

Yue Yuan , Qianqian Zhang , Shumiao Lin , Jinlong Li

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Abstract

Hydrogels are soft and wet materials with a three-dimensional porous network structure, capable of swelling to retain a large volume of water and maintaining semi-solid integrity. In general, their diverse structures are mainly determined by the type of polymer matrix, the method and degree of crosslinking, and the three-dimensional structure. However, all different hydrogels share water as their core theme. The water content and organization, both at the surface and within the hydrogels, are crucial factors influencing their many physical properties. Over the past years, their formulations and applications have made transformative advances. But the construction of novel hydrogel systems requires understanding how water molecules or solutes interact with the hydrogel. Herein, this review reexamines hydrogels from the perspective of water and summarizes the states, distribution, and behavior of water within hydrogels, as well as the hydrogel properties imparted by water. We also enumerate the techniques for detecting water in hydrogels and discuss the latest progress in the regulation and design of water-hydrogel systems and their unique role in key applications. Thus, the role of water within hydrogels extends far beyond merely acting as a solvent; it is one of the key factors bridging the structure–function relationship in hydrogels.

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水：水凝胶的灵魂

水凝胶是一种具有三维多孔网络结构的软湿材料，能够膨胀以保留大量水分，并保持半固体的完整性。一般来说，水凝胶的结构多种多样，主要取决于聚合物基质的类型、交联方法和程度以及三维结构。不过，所有不同的水凝胶都以水为核心主题。水凝胶表面和内部的含水量和组织结构是影响其多种物理性质的关键因素。在过去几年中，水凝胶的配方和应用取得了变革性的进展。但是，构建新型水凝胶系统需要了解水分子或溶质如何与水凝胶相互作用。本综述将从水的角度重新审视水凝胶，总结水凝胶中水的状态、分布和行为，以及水赋予水凝胶的特性。我们还列举了检测水凝胶中水分的技术，并讨论了水-水凝胶系统调控和设计的最新进展及其在关键应用中的独特作用。因此，水在水凝胶中的作用远不止于充当溶剂，它还是连接水凝胶结构与功能关系的关键因素之一。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Progress in Materials Science 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

59.60

自引率

0.80%

发文量

101

审稿时长

11.4 months

期刊介绍： Progress in Materials Science is a journal that publishes authoritative and critical reviews of recent advances in the science of materials. The focus of the journal is on the fundamental aspects of materials science, particularly those concerning microstructure and nanostructure and their relationship to properties. Emphasis is also placed on the thermodynamics, kinetics, mechanisms, and modeling of processes within materials, as well as the understanding of material properties in engineering and other applications. The journal welcomes reviews from authors who are active leaders in the field of materials science and have a strong scientific track record. Materials of interest include metallic, ceramic, polymeric, biological, medical, and composite materials in all forms. Manuscripts submitted to Progress in Materials Science are generally longer than those found in other research journals. While the focus is on invited reviews, interested authors may submit a proposal for consideration. Non-invited manuscripts are required to be preceded by the submission of a proposal. Authors publishing in Progress in Materials Science have the option to publish their research via subscription or open access. Open access publication requires the author or research funder to meet a publication fee (APC). Abstracting and indexing services for Progress in Materials Science include Current Contents, Science Citation Index Expanded, Materials Science Citation Index, Chemical Abstracts, Engineering Index, INSPEC, and Scopus.