Heart rate variability and autonomic nervous system imbalance: Potential biomarkers and detectable hallmarks of aging and inflammaging

IF 12.5 1区医学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY

Ageing Research Reviews Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102521

Fabiola Olivieri , Leonardo Biscetti , Lorenzo Pimpini , Giuseppe Pelliccioni , Jacopo Sabbatinelli , Sergio Giunta

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The most cutting-edge issue in the research on aging is the quest for biomarkers that transcend molecular and cellular domains to encompass organismal-level implications. We recently hypothesized the role of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) imbalance in this context. Studies on ANS functions during aging highlighted an imbalance towards heightened sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, instigating a proinflammatory milieu, and attenuated parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) function, which exerts anti-inflammatory effects via the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This scenario strongly suggests that ANS imbalance can fuel inflammaging, now recognized as one of the most relevant risk factors for age-related disease development. Recent recommendations have increasingly highlighted the need for actionable strategies to improve the quality of life for older adults by identifying biomarkers that can be easily measured, even in asymptomatic individuals. We advocate for considering ANS imbalance as a biomarker of aging and inflammaging. Measures of ANS imbalance, such as heart rate variability (HRV), are relatively affordable, non-invasive, and cost-effective, making this hallmark easily diagnosable. HRV gains renewed significance within the aging research landscape, offering a tangible link between pathophysiological perturbations and age-related health outcomes.

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心率变异和自律神经系统失衡：衰老和炎症的潜在生物标记和可检测标志。

衰老研究中最前沿的问题是寻求超越分子和细胞领域的生物标志物，以涵盖机体层面的影响。最近，我们提出了自律神经系统（ANS）失衡在这方面发挥作用的假设。对衰老过程中自律神经系统功能的研究突出表明，交感神经系统（SNS）活动增强，会引发促炎环境，而副交感神经系统（PNS）功能减弱，会通过胆碱能抗炎途径（CAP）和抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴（HPA）发挥抗炎作用。这种情况强烈表明，自律神经系统失衡会助长炎症，而炎症现已被认为是与年龄相关疾病发展的最相关风险因素之一。最近的建议越来越强调需要制定可行的策略，通过确定即使在无症状的个体中也能轻松测量的生物标志物来提高老年人的生活质量。我们主张将自律神经系统失衡视为衰老和炎症的生物标志物。自律神经系统失衡的测量方法，如心率变异性（HRV），价格相对低廉、无创伤、成本效益高，因此很容易诊断。心率变异在老龄化研究领域具有新的意义，它提供了病理生理扰动与年龄相关健康结果之间的具体联系。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ageing Research Reviews 医学-老年医学

CiteScore

19.80

自引率

2.30%

发文量

216

审稿时长

55 days

期刊介绍： With the rise in average human life expectancy, the impact of ageing and age-related diseases on our society has become increasingly significant. Ageing research is now a focal point for numerous laboratories, encompassing leaders in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and behavior. Ageing Research Reviews (ARR) serves as a cornerstone in this field, addressing emerging trends. ARR aims to fill a substantial gap by providing critical reviews and viewpoints on evolving discoveries concerning the mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases. The rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival is unveiling new insights into the regulation of ageing. From telomerase to stem cells, and from energy to oxyradical metabolism, we are witnessing an exciting era in the multidisciplinary field of ageing research. The journal explores the cellular and molecular foundations of interventions that extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction. It identifies the underpinnings of manipulations that extend lifespan, shedding light on novel approaches for preventing age-related diseases. ARR publishes articles on focused topics selected from the expansive field of ageing research, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the aging process. This includes age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The journal also covers applications of basic ageing research to lifespan extension and disease prevention, offering a comprehensive platform for advancing our understanding of this critical field.