Electron beam irradiation coupled ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents extraction: A green and efficient extraction strategy for proanthocyanidin from walnut green husk

IF 8.5 1区农林科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Food Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141279

Heting Qi , Wanjia Fu , Yujie Liu , Junqing Bai , Ruolin Wang , Guangming Zou , Heyu Shen , Yingying Cai , Anwei Luo

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Abstract

Proanthocyanidin (PAC) is recognized as a potent natural antioxidant that prevents various diseases. As societal awareness increases, eco-friendly and efficient natural product extraction technologies are gaining more attention. In this study, an electron beam irradiation (EBI) coupled with ultrasound-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) extraction method was developed to enable the green and highly efficient extraction of PAC from walnut green husk (WGH). NADES, prepared with choline chloride and ethylene glycol, demonstrated excellent extraction capacity and storage stability for PAC. Molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the high compatibility between NADES and PAC, attributed mainly to a higher SASA value (207.85 nm²), a greater number of hydrogen bonds (330.99), an extended hydrogen bonding lifetime (4.54 ps), and lower inter-molecular interaction energy. Based on these findings, the optimal conditions (13 kGy EBI, 42 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 38 °C extraction temperature, 70 min extraction time) resulted in a maximum PAC extraction yield of 56.34 mg/g. Notably, this yield was 32.93 % higher than that observed in samples not treated with EBI and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). Analysis of tissue morphology, extract functional groups and thermal behavior suggested a possible mechanism for the synergistically enhanced PAC extraction by the EBI-NADES-UAE method. Additionally, the PAC extracted using the NADES by the EBI coupled with ultrasound-assisted method exhibited outstanding antioxidant activity (comparable to Vc), digestive enzyme inhibition (IC50: 17–0.61 mg/mL), and anti-glycation capacity (IC50: 86.49 μg/mL). Overall, this work provided a green and efficient strategy for PAC extraction from WGH, elucidated the extraction mechanism and bioactivities, and offered valuable insights for potential industrial applications.

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电子束辐照耦合超声辅助天然深共晶溶剂萃取：从核桃青皮中提取原花青素的绿色高效萃取策略

原花青素（PAC）被认为是一种有效的天然抗氧化剂，可预防多种疾病。随着社会意识的提高，环保高效的天然产品提取技术越来越受到关注。本研究开发了一种电子束辐照（EBI）结合超声辅助天然深共晶溶剂（NADES）萃取法，可从核桃青皮（WGH）中绿色高效地萃取 PAC。用氯化胆碱和乙二醇制备的 NADES 具有出色的 PAC 提取能力和储存稳定性。分子动力学模拟阐明了 NADES 与 PAC 之间的高度相容性，这主要归因于较高的 SASA 值（207.85 nm2）、较多的氢键数量（330.99）、较长的氢键寿命（4.54 ps）和较低的分子间相互作用能。基于这些发现，最佳条件（13 kGy EBI、42 mL/g 液固比、38 °C 提取温度、70 分钟提取时间）可获得 56.34 mg/g 的最高 PAC 提取率。值得注意的是，这一提取率比未经 EBI 和超声辅助提取（UAE）处理的样品高出 32.93%。对组织形态、提取物官能团和热行为的分析表明，EBI-NADES-UAE 方法可协同提高 PAC 提取率。此外，通过 EBI-NADES-UAE 方法提取的 PAC 具有出色的抗氧化活性（与 Vc 相当）、消化酶抑制作用（IC50：17-0.61 mg/mL）和抗糖化能力（IC50：86.49 μg/mL）。总之，这项研究为从 WGH 中提取 PAC 提供了一种绿色、高效的策略，阐明了提取机理和生物活性，并为潜在的工业应用提供了有价值的见解。

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来源期刊

Food Chemistry 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

16.30

自引率

10.20%

发文量

3130

审稿时长

122 days

期刊介绍： Food Chemistry publishes original research papers dealing with the advancement of the chemistry and biochemistry of foods or the analytical methods/ approach used. All papers should focus on the novelty of the research carried out.