{"title":"Optical coherence measurement-based penetration depth monitoring of stainless steel sheets in laser lap welding using long short-term memory network","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111811","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The industrial production site for laser lap welding of thin stainless steel plates puts strict requests on the level and fluctuation stability of penetration depth. Hence, the penetration depth monitoring is increasingly garnering attention. This research proposes an optical coherence measurement-based approach to monitor penetration depth utilizing machine learning in laser lap welding for stainless steel sheets. After the acquisition of the keyhole depth signal by the coherent light beam, it is found that there is a significant association relationship between the reconstructed keyhole depth obtained by empirical modal decomposition and the penetration depth curve, but meanwhile a penetration depth monitoring error also exists. Accordingly, based on the cross-correlation analysis and numerical simulation, it is revealed that the formation mechanism and sources of this error are related to the “bottom melt layer thickness”, “hysteresis property” and “multiple reflections”. On this basis, a long short-term memory network is built to memorize the historical information of the reconstructed keyhole depth for predicting the penetration depth at each moment. The experimental results demonstrate that the prediction model has high accuracy and good generalization ability, and thus effective monitoring for penetration depth can be achieved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optics and Laser Technology","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030399224012696","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OPTICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The industrial production site for laser lap welding of thin stainless steel plates puts strict requests on the level and fluctuation stability of penetration depth. Hence, the penetration depth monitoring is increasingly garnering attention. This research proposes an optical coherence measurement-based approach to monitor penetration depth utilizing machine learning in laser lap welding for stainless steel sheets. After the acquisition of the keyhole depth signal by the coherent light beam, it is found that there is a significant association relationship between the reconstructed keyhole depth obtained by empirical modal decomposition and the penetration depth curve, but meanwhile a penetration depth monitoring error also exists. Accordingly, based on the cross-correlation analysis and numerical simulation, it is revealed that the formation mechanism and sources of this error are related to the “bottom melt layer thickness”, “hysteresis property” and “multiple reflections”. On this basis, a long short-term memory network is built to memorize the historical information of the reconstructed keyhole depth for predicting the penetration depth at each moment. The experimental results demonstrate that the prediction model has high accuracy and good generalization ability, and thus effective monitoring for penetration depth can be achieved.
期刊介绍:
Optics & Laser Technology aims to provide a vehicle for the publication of a broad range of high quality research and review papers in those fields of scientific and engineering research appertaining to the development and application of the technology of optics and lasers. Papers describing original work in these areas are submitted to rigorous refereeing prior to acceptance for publication.
The scope of Optics & Laser Technology encompasses, but is not restricted to, the following areas:
•development in all types of lasers
•developments in optoelectronic devices and photonics
•developments in new photonics and optical concepts
•developments in conventional optics, optical instruments and components
•techniques of optical metrology, including interferometry and optical fibre sensors
•LIDAR and other non-contact optical measurement techniques, including optical methods in heat and fluid flow
•applications of lasers to materials processing, optical NDT display (including holography) and optical communication
•research and development in the field of laser safety including studies of hazards resulting from the applications of lasers (laser safety, hazards of laser fume)
•developments in optical computing and optical information processing
•developments in new optical materials
•developments in new optical characterization methods and techniques
•developments in quantum optics
•developments in light assisted micro and nanofabrication methods and techniques
•developments in nanophotonics and biophotonics
•developments in imaging processing and systems