Loss of coordination between basic cellular processes in human aging

Abstract

Age-related loss of gene expression coordination has been reported for distinct cell types and may lead to impaired cellular function. Here we propose a method for quantifying age-related changes in transcriptional regulatory relationships between genes, based on a model learned from external data. We used this method to uncover age-related trends in gene–gene relationships across eight human tissues, which demonstrates that reduced co-expression may also result from coordinated transcriptional responses. Our analyses reveal similar numbers of strengthening and weakening gene–gene relationships with age, impacting both tissue-specific (for example, coagulation in blood) and ubiquitous biological functions. Regulatory relationships becoming weaker with age were established mostly between genes operating in distinct cellular processes. As opposed to that, regulatory relationships becoming stronger with age were established both within and between different cellular functions. Our work reveals that, although most transcriptional regulatory gene–gene relationships are maintained during aging, those with declining regulatory coupling result mostly from a loss of coordination between distinct cellular processes. Age-related loss of gene expression coordination may contribute to impaired cellular function. In this study, the authors analyzed age-related trends in gene–gene relationships. They found that expression control often remains intact among genes involved in shared cellular functions while the coordination between functions tends to decline.