Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility.

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
Frontiers in Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-08-20 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2024.1426551
Sara Paola Mambrini, Antonio Grillo, Santo Colosimo, Francesco Zarpellon, Giorgia Pozzi, Davide Furlan, Gabriele Amodeo, Simona Bertoli
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Abstract

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) has emerged as a prevalent health concern, encompassing a wide spectrum of liver-related disorders. Insulin resistance, a key pathophysiological feature of MASLD, can be effectively ameliorated through dietary interventions. The Mediterranean diet, rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and healthy fats, has shown promising results in improving insulin sensitivity. Several components of the Mediterranean diet, such as monounsaturated fats and polyphenols, exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, thereby reducing hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Furthermore, this dietary pattern has been associated with a higher likelihood of achieving MASLD remission. In addition to dietary modifications, physical exercise, particularly resistance exercise, plays a crucial role in enhancing metabolic flexibility. Resistance exercise training promotes the utilization of fatty acids as an energy source. It enhances muscle glucose uptake and glycogen storage, thus reducing the burden on the liver to uptake excess blood glucose. Furthermore, resistance exercise stimulates muscle protein synthesis, contributing to an improved muscle-to-fat ratio and overall metabolic health. When implemented synergistically, the Mediterranean diet and resistance exercise can elicit complementary effects in combating MASLD. Combined interventions have demonstrated additive benefits, including greater improvements in insulin resistance, increased metabolic flexibility, and enhanced potential for MASLD remission. This underscores the importance of adopting a multifaceted approach encompassing dietary modifications and regular physical exercise to effectively manage MASLD. This narrative review explores the biological mechanisms of diet and physical exercise in addressing MASLD by targeting insulin resistance and decreased metabolic flexibility.

饮食和体育锻炼是通过改善胰岛素抵抗和新陈代谢灵活性来应对 MASLD 的关键因素。
代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝病(MASLD)已成为一个普遍关注的健康问题,它包括一系列与肝脏相关的疾病。胰岛素抵抗是 MASLD 的主要病理生理特征,可通过饮食干预有效改善。地中海饮食富含全谷物、水果、蔬菜、豆类和健康脂肪,在改善胰岛素敏感性方面效果显著。地中海饮食中的一些成分,如单不饱和脂肪和多酚类物质,具有抗炎和抗氧化作用,从而减轻肝脏脂肪变性和炎症。此外,这种饮食模式与获得 MASLD 缓解的更高可能性有关。除了调整饮食外,体育锻炼,尤其是抗阻力锻炼,在提高代谢灵活性方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。阻力运动训练可促进脂肪酸作为能量来源的利用。它能增强肌肉对葡萄糖的吸收和糖原的储存,从而减轻肝脏吸收多余血糖的负担。此外,抗阻运动还能刺激肌肉蛋白质的合成,有助于改善肌肉与脂肪的比例和整体代谢健康。如果协同实施,地中海饮食和抗阻运动可在防治 MASLD 方面产生互补效应。综合干预措施已显示出叠加效益,包括进一步改善胰岛素抵抗、提高代谢灵活性和增强 MASLD 缓解的可能性。这强调了采取包括饮食调整和定期体育锻炼在内的多方面方法来有效控制 MASLD 的重要性。这篇叙述性综述探讨了饮食和体育锻炼在通过针对胰岛素抵抗和代谢灵活性降低来治疗 MASLD 方面的生物机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Nutrition
Frontiers in Nutrition Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
8.00%
发文量
2891
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: No subject pertains more to human life than nutrition. The aim of Frontiers in Nutrition is to integrate major scientific disciplines in this vast field in order to address the most relevant and pertinent questions and developments. Our ambition is to create an integrated podium based on original research, clinical trials, and contemporary reviews to build a reputable knowledge forum in the domains of human health, dietary behaviors, agronomy & 21st century food science. Through the recognized open-access Frontiers platform we welcome manuscripts to our dedicated sections relating to different areas in the field of nutrition with a focus on human health. Specialty sections in Frontiers in Nutrition include, for example, Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition & Sustainable Diets, Nutrition and Food Science Technology, Nutrition Methodology, Sport & Exercise Nutrition, Food Chemistry, and Nutritional Immunology. Based on the publication of rigorous scientific research, we thrive to achieve a visible impact on the global nutrition agenda addressing the grand challenges of our time, including obesity, malnutrition, hunger, food waste, sustainability and consumer health.
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