Impact of reduced-graphene-oxide functionalization of flower-like zinc-oxide nanostructures on sensing performance of resistive ethanol gas sensor

Abstract

This research presents a sensitive resistive ethanol gas sensor based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-functionalized Zinc oxide nanoflowers (ZnO NFs). Upon completion of synthesis, the resulting nanostructures were cast onto the photolithographed silver interdigitated electrodes positioned on an Al₂O₃ substrate. The graphene oxide (GO) with a low oxidation degree was synthesized using a Hummer's method. In the pursuit of optimizing sensing performance, rGO-functionalized ZnO NFs were synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal process, utilizing different initial quantities of GO (0 mg, 2 mg, 8 mg, and 12 mg). According to the gas sensing measurements, the fabricated sensor with 8 mg initial GO showed the highest response to ethanol at 250 °C. The results show that the GO addition reduced the optimal working temperature of the pure ZnO NFs from 350 °C to 250 °C. The sensor exhibited a good selectivity, repeatability, and high long-term stability. Enhanced ethanol sensing response of the optimized gas sensor was related to the formation of p-n heterojunction between p-type rGO (formed during hydrothermal process at 200 °C) and n-type ZnO and the presence of the optimal amount of rGO on the surface of NFs. The results obtained in this investigation stress the significance of pinpointing the optimal quantity of GO for producing rGO-ZnO nanoflowers with the highest possible sensitivity to ethanol gas.