Why do people engage with the suffering of strangers? Exploring epistemic, eudaimonic, social, and affective motives.

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Anastassia Vivanco Carlevari, Suzanne Oosterwijk, Gerben A van Kleef
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Abstract

Reading violent stories or watching a war documentary are examples in which people voluntarily engage with the suffering of others whom they do not know. Using a mixed-methods approach, we investigated why people make these decisions, while also mapping the characteristics of strangers' suffering to gain a rich understanding. In Study 1 (N = 247), participants described situations of suffering and their reasons to engage with it. Using qualitative thematic analysis, we developed a typology of the stranger (who), the situation (what), the source (how), and the reason(s) for engaging with the situation (why). We categorised the motives into four overarching themes - epistemic, eudaimonic, social, and affective - reflecting diversity in the perceived functionality of engaging with a stranger's suffering. Next, we tested the robustness of the identified motives in a quantitative study. In Study 2, participants (N = 250) recalled a situation in which they engaged with the suffering of a stranger and indicated their endorsement with a variety of possible motives. Largely mirroring Study 1, Study 2 participants engaged to acquire knowledge, for personal and social utility, and to feel positive and negative emotions. We discuss implications for understanding the exploration of human suffering as a motivated phenomenon.

为什么人们会关注陌生人的痛苦?探索认识动机、幸福动机、社会动机和情感动机。
阅读暴力故事或观看战争纪录片都是人们自愿接触不认识的其他人的痛苦的例子。我们采用混合方法调查了人们做出这些决定的原因,同时还绘制了陌生人痛苦的特征图,以获得丰富的理解。在研究 1(N = 247)中,参与者描述了遭受痛苦的情况以及他们参与其中的原因。通过定性主题分析,我们对陌生人(谁)、情境(什么)、来源(如何)以及参与情境的原因(为什么)进行了分类。我们将这些动机归类为四个总体主题--认识性动机、享乐性动机、社会性动机和情感性动机--反映了参与陌生人痛苦的感知功能的多样性。接下来,我们在一项定量研究中测试了已识别动机的稳健性。在研究 2 中,参与者(250 人)回忆了他们与陌生人共患难的情景,并对各种可能的动机表示赞同。与研究 1 基本相同的是,研究 2 的参与者参与其中是为了获取知识、个人和社会效用,以及感受积极和消极情绪。我们讨论了将探索人类痛苦作为一种动机现象的意义。
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来源期刊
Cognition & Emotion
Cognition & Emotion PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
7.70%
发文量
90
期刊介绍: Cognition & Emotion is devoted to the study of emotion, especially to those aspects of emotion related to cognitive processes. The journal aims to bring together work on emotion undertaken by researchers in cognitive, social, clinical, and developmental psychology, neuropsychology, and cognitive science. Examples of topics appropriate for the journal include the role of cognitive processes in emotion elicitation, regulation, and expression; the impact of emotion on attention, memory, learning, motivation, judgements, and decisions.
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