Exploring (Un)Covered Potentials of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Essential Oil and Hydrolate: From Chemical Characterization to Biological Activities

IF 1.5 4区医学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL

Natural Product Communications Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI:10.1177/1934578x241264712

Olja Šovljanski, Milica Aćimović, Vladimir Sikora, Anamarija Koren, Anja Saveljić, Ana Tomić, Vele Tešević

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

ObjectivesThe present study focused on exploring the chemical composition of essential oil and corresponding hydrolate obtained by steam distillation of industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) cultivar “Helena” (low THC content).MethodsChemical characterization of industrial hemp essential oil and hydrolate was performed by gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, while biological activities included antimicrobial and antioxidant tests. Antimicrobial activity was determined by measuring diameters of the inhibition zone by using a disc-diffusion method with nine microbial strains from ATCC culture. Moreover, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as time-kill kinetic studies, antiadhesion, and antibiofilm formation potential were also evaluated. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through three different antioxidant assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●), 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS●+), and reducing power (RP).ResultsThe gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis showed that the main compound in the essential oil was trans-caryophyllene (37.4%), followed by caryophyllene oxide (12.4%) and α-humulene (11.0%), while in the hydrolate it was 1,8-cineole (11.5%). Results showed that industrial hemp essential oil and hydrolate exhibited no antimicrobial activity against gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, while gram-positive bacteria were sensitive. Therefore, in the following step, MIC was determined by microdilution method. The lowest MIC for essential oil (12.5%) was obtained for Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, while this value doubled for Listeria monocytogenes. Conversely, the MIC for hydrolate was 100% for all gram-positive bacteria. Antioxidant activity showed that industrial hemp essential oil and hydrolate have potential as natural sources of antioxidants.ConclusionThis research confirmed the previously proven antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of industrial hemp essential oil. The novelty lies in the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of hydrolate, which is practically waste, but has great potential to be a useful by-product.

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探索工业大麻（Cannabis sativa L.）精油和水合物的（未）覆盖潜力：从化学特性到生物活性

本研究的重点是探索工业大麻（Cannabis sativa L.）栽培品种 "Helena"（四氢大麻酚含量低）通过水蒸气蒸馏法获得的精油和相应的水合产物的化学成分。方法通过气相色谱和气相色谱-质谱分析法对工业大麻精油和水合产物进行化学表征，生物活性包括抗菌和抗氧化测试。抗菌活性的测定是通过使用盘扩散法测量九种来自 ATCC 培养物的微生物菌株的抑菌区直径。此外，还对最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、时间致死动力学研究、抗粘附性和抗生菌膜形成潜力进行了评估。抗氧化活性通过三种不同的抗氧化检测方法进行评估：2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH●）、2,2′-偶氮二异-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS●+）和还原力（RP）。结果气相色谱质谱分析表明，精油中的主要化合物是反式叶绿素（37.4%），其次是氧化叶绿素（12.4%）和α-胡麻烯（11.0%），而水解产物中的主要化合物是 1,8-蒎烯（11.5%）。结果表明，工业大麻精油和水合酯对革兰氏阴性菌、酵母菌和真菌没有抗菌活性，而对革兰氏阳性菌敏感。因此，下一步采用微量稀释法测定 MIC。粪肠球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对精油的 MIC 最低（12.5%），而对单核细胞增生李斯特菌的 MIC 值则增加了一倍。相反，水合酯对所有革兰氏阳性菌的 MIC 值为 100%。抗氧化活性表明，工业大麻精油和水合酸盐具有作为天然抗氧化剂来源的潜力。新颖之处在于水合酸盐的抗菌和抗氧化活性，水合酸盐实际上是一种废物，但具有成为有用副产品的巨大潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Natural Product Communications 工程技术-食品科技

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

11.10%

发文量

254

审稿时长

2.7 months

期刊介绍： Natural Product Communications is a peer reviewed, open access journal studying all aspects of natural products, including isolation, characterization, spectroscopic properties, biological activities, synthesis, structure-activity, biotransformation, biosynthesis, tissue culture and fermentation. It covers the full breadth of chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, pharmacology, and chemical ecology of natural products. Natural Product Communications is a peer reviewed, open access journal studying all aspects of natural products, including isolation, characterization, spectroscopic properties, biological activities, synthesis, structure-activity, biotransformation, biosynthesis, tissue culture and fermentation. It covers the full breadth of chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, pharmacology, and chemical ecology of natural products. Natural Product Communications is a peer reviewed, open access journal studying all aspects of natural products, including isolation, characterization, spectroscopic properties, biological activities, synthesis, structure-activity, biotransformation, biosynthesis, tissue culture and fermentation. It covers the full breadth of chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, pharmacology, and chemical ecology of natural products.