Beyond the false belief task: How children develop their knowledge about the mind

IF 2.8 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Marta Białecka, Arkadiusz Gut, Małgorzata Stępień-Nycz, Krystian Macheta, Jakub Janczura
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Abstract

Previous research on children's knowledge about the mind has primarily focused on their comprehension of false beliefs, leaving the conceptualization of thoughts and thinking less explored. To address this gap, we developed a new assessment tool, the interview about the mind (IaM), to assess children's understanding of the mind. Two studies involving Polish preschool and early school-aged children were conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the tool: a cross-sectional study with 212 preschoolers aged three to 6 years (106 boys, M = 59 months) followed by a longitudinal study with approximately 200 children (110 boys) assessed at ages 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 years. We found that the IaM possesses robust psychometric properties and a one-factor structure. Younger children recognize that thoughts are imperceptible to the senses and identified the mind's location as the head. Older children exhibited difficulties with analogical or abstract definitions of thoughts. As expected, a linear developmental trajectory was evident from ages 5.5–7.5, with children's language abilities showing a positive correlation with IaM scores. Future research should explore the relationship between knowledge about the mind and theory of mind (ToM), as well as cross-cultural differences in children's mind conceptualization.

超越错误信念任务:儿童如何发展有关思维的知识
以往对儿童心灵知识的研究主要集中在他们对错误信念的理解上,对思想和思维的概念化研究较少。为了弥补这一不足,我们开发了一种新的评估工具--心灵访谈(IaM),以评估儿童对心灵的理解。为了评估该工具的有效性和可靠性,我们对波兰学龄前儿童和学龄初期儿童进行了两项研究:一项是横断面研究,对象是 212 名 3 至 6 岁的学龄前儿童(106 名男孩,M = 59 个月);另一项是纵向研究,对象是约 200 名儿童(110 名男孩),分别在 5.5 岁、6.5 岁和 7.5 岁时进行评估。我们发现,IaM 具有稳健的心理测量特性和单因素结构。年龄较小的儿童认识到思想是感官无法感知的,并确定思想的位置是头部。年龄较大的儿童在对思想进行类比或抽象定义时表现出困难。正如预期的那样,5.5-7.5 岁儿童的发展轨迹呈线性发展,儿童的语言能力与 IaM 分数呈正相关。未来的研究应探讨有关思维的知识与思维理论(ToM)之间的关系,以及儿童思维概念化的跨文化差异。
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来源期刊
Infant and Child Development
Infant and Child Development PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
9.10%
发文量
93
期刊介绍: Infant and Child Development publishes high quality empirical, theoretical and methodological papers addressing psychological development from the antenatal period through to adolescence. The journal brings together research on: - social and emotional development - perceptual and motor development - cognitive development - language development atypical development (including conduct problems, anxiety and depressive conditions, language impairments, autistic spectrum disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders)
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