DESCRIPTIVE AND TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE LUNGS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS

G. Mothé, Aguinaldo Francisco Mendes Junior, Camila Anselmé Dutra
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Abstract

The respiratory system is divided into respiratory pathways (nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs) and gas exchange sites (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli). The upper respiratory tract includes the nose and pharynx, while the lower respiratory tract encompasses the larynx, trachea, and lungs. All these organs contribute to the essential function of the system, which is the exchange of gases between the environment and the blood, transporting oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide. The inspired air is filtered, humidified, and warmed before reaching the lungs, where the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and the expulsion of carbon dioxide occur. Therefore, the lungs are the organs that contain the structures responsible for gas exchange and are of utmost importance. Despite their similarity, lungs exhibit differences both within the same animal and across different species. In this context, this work aims to present the descriptive and topographic anatomy of domestic animals, highlighting the differences between species.
家畜肺部的描述性和地形解剖学
呼吸系统分为呼吸通道(鼻、鼻腔、咽、喉、气管、支气管和肺)和气体交换场所(呼吸支气管、肺泡导管、肺泡囊和肺泡)。上呼吸道包括鼻和咽,下呼吸道包括喉、气管和肺。所有这些器官都对该系统的基本功能做出了贡献,即在环境和血液之间进行气体交换,将氧气输送到细胞并排出二氧化碳。吸入的空气经过过滤、加湿和加温后到达肺部,氧气在肺部扩散进入血液,二氧化碳在肺部排出。因此,肺是包含气体交换结构的器官,也是最重要的器官。尽管肺部具有相似性,但在同一动物体内和不同物种之间都存在差异。在这种情况下,本作品旨在介绍家畜的描述性和地形解剖学,突出不同物种之间的差异。
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